173
nanocone arrays, 149
optoelectronic devices, 134
in thin film technology, 142
utilization, nanostructures, 130
Light harvesting efficiency, 130
Light management, 129, 130, 136, 143, 149
Li-ion batteries (LIBs), 28
Liquid electrolytes, 86
Liquid organic electrolytes, 86
Lithium ion batteries, 93, 110, 111
Lithium ion conductivity, 93
Lithium-ion technology, 7
M
Macroscale particulates, 159
Magnesium ion batteries, 110, 113
Manganese-based cathodes
breathing mechanism, 32
carbon fiber, 34
carbonaceous materials, 34
cell configurations, 36–37
charge/discharge profile, 32
chemistry, 32
crystallographic structure, 32
discharge capacity, 34
dissolution of Mn, 34
electrochemical advantage, 31
electrochemical cycling, 35
electrochemical performances, 34, 36–37
electrochemical reaction
mechanism, 32–34
electronics industry, 35
hydroxy sulfate, 33
Mn-based oxides, 34
phase transitions, 33
polymorphs, 35
properties, 31
solid-state ZIB, 35
spinel structure, 34
structural transformation, 33
unique polymorphs, 31
Manganese cathodes, 9–11
Manganese oxides, 29
Manganese-zinc batteries, 4, 5
Metal borohydrides, 70, 71
Metal doping, 34
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)
activation energy, 103
anisotropic ionic transport, 92
archetypal MOF-5, 91
in batteries, 114, 115
carboxylated organic molecules, 92
conductivity, 102
controlled hydrophilicity, 106
copper-based, 122
in CSD, 107
Cu MOF-based thin films, 106
Cu-based, 104
insulator-to-proton conductor
transition, 106
ion conductivity, 92, 99–101, 108–109
IRMOFs, 91
Lanthanide MOFs, 106
magnetic, 104
metals and organic linkers, 98
as modular materials, 92
neutral, 102
Ni-based MOF, 103
PCPs, 91
permanent and tunable porosity, 92, 103
phosphonate, 105
phosphonates and phosphates, 104
phytic acid, 102
proton conduction, 98
PSM, 93, 103
SCSC transformation, 105
solar cells, 122
solid electrolytes, 94
supercapacitors, 117, 118
water-assisted conductivity, 104
ZIF-8, 92
and ZIFs, 98
zirconium phosphate, 104
Zn-based, 104
Zn-based MOF, 105
Metallic sodium (Na) batteries
application categories, 62
BASE, 65, 66
battery deployments, 79
battery design, 78
battery manufacturers, 63
capacity, 62
charge-balancing electrochemical
reactions, 62
development, 60, 61
electrical energy, 60
electrochemical reductions, 62
energy density, 62
glass ceramics, 69
glasses, 68
grid-scale batteries, 80
higher borates, 70, 71
innovations, 80
ion-conductive electrolytes, 62
materials and cell designs, 63
metal borohydrides, 70, 71
NaSICON, 66, 67
Index
nanocone arrays, 149
optoelectronic devices, 134
in thin film technology, 142
utilization, nanostructures, 130
Light harvesting efficiency, 130
Light management, 129, 130, 136, 143, 149
Li-ion batteries (LIBs), 28
Liquid electrolytes, 86
Liquid organic electrolytes, 86
Lithium ion batteries, 93, 110, 111
Lithium ion conductivity, 93
Lithium-ion technology, 7
M
Macroscale particulates, 159
Magnesium ion batteries, 110, 113
Manganese-based cathodes
breathing mechanism, 32
carbon fiber, 34
carbonaceous materials, 34
cell configurations, 36–37
charge/discharge profile, 32
chemistry, 32
crystallographic structure, 32
discharge capacity, 34
dissolution of Mn, 34
electrochemical advantage, 31
electrochemical cycling, 35
electrochemical performances, 34, 36–37
electrochemical reaction
mechanism, 32–34
electronics industry, 35
hydroxy sulfate, 33
Mn-based oxides, 34
phase transitions, 33
polymorphs, 35
properties, 31
solid-state ZIB, 35
spinel structure, 34
structural transformation, 33
unique polymorphs, 31
Manganese cathodes, 9–11
Manganese oxides, 29
Manganese-zinc batteries, 4, 5
Metal borohydrides, 70, 71
Metal doping, 34
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs)
activation energy, 103
anisotropic ionic transport, 92
archetypal MOF-5, 91
in batteries, 114, 115
carboxylated organic molecules, 92
conductivity, 102
controlled hydrophilicity, 106
copper-based, 122
in CSD, 107
Cu MOF-based thin films, 106
Cu-based, 104
insulator-to-proton conductor
transition, 106
ion conductivity, 92, 99–101, 108–109
IRMOFs, 91
Lanthanide MOFs, 106
magnetic, 104
metals and organic linkers, 98
as modular materials, 92
neutral, 102
Ni-based MOF, 103
PCPs, 91
permanent and tunable porosity, 92, 103
phosphonate, 105
phosphonates and phosphates, 104
phytic acid, 102
proton conduction, 98
PSM, 93, 103
SCSC transformation, 105
solar cells, 122
solid electrolytes, 94
supercapacitors, 117, 118
water-assisted conductivity, 104
ZIF-8, 92
and ZIFs, 98
zirconium phosphate, 104
Zn-based, 104
Zn-based MOF, 105
Metallic sodium (Na) batteries
application categories, 62
BASE, 65, 66
battery deployments, 79
battery design, 78
battery manufacturers, 63
capacity, 62
charge-balancing electrochemical
reactions, 62
development, 60, 61
electrical energy, 60
electrochemical reductions, 62
energy density, 62
glass ceramics, 69
glasses, 68
grid-scale batteries, 80
higher borates, 70, 71
innovations, 80
ion-conductive electrolytes, 62
materials and cell designs, 63
metal borohydrides, 70, 71
NaSICON, 66, 67
Index