Kadioglu SI, Yilmaz L, Aydogan N, Onder Ozbelge H (2010) Removal of heavy metals from
multicomponent metal mixtures by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration: effects of pH, ionic
strength and conformational changes in polymer structure. Sep Sci Technol 45
(10):1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496391003674274
Karabelas AJ, Koutsou CP, Kostoglou M, Sioutopoulos DC (2018) Analysis of specific energy
consumption in reverse osmosis desalination processes. Desalination 431:15–21. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.desal.2017.04.006
Karisma D, Febrianto G, Mangindaan D (2017) Removal of dyes from textile wastewater by using
nanofiltration polyetherimide membrane. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 109:012012. https://
doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/109/1/012012
Kavitha E, Prabhakar S, Rajesh MP (2018) Removal and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous
solution using b-cyclodextrin polymer and optimization of complexation conditions. Desalin
Water Treat 122:219–230. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22783
Kavitha E, Sowmya A, Prabhakar S, Jain P, Surya R, Rajesh MP (2019) Removal and recovery of
heavy metals through size enhanced ultrafiltration using chitosan derivatives and optimization
with response surface modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 132:278–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijbiomac.2019.03.128
Kelewou H, Lhassani A, Merzouki M, Drogui P (2015) Removal of textile-based dyes by
nanofiltration: study of physicochemical parameters’ effect on the retention by experimental
designs methodology. Desalin Water Treat 54(6):1735–1746. https://doi.org/10.1080/
19443994.2014.890132
Kim J-J, Kang H, Choi Y-S, Yu YA, Lee J-C (2016) Thermo-responsive oligomeric poly
(tetrabutylphosphonium styrenesulfonate)s as draw solutes for forward osmosis
(FO) applications. Desalination 381:84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.11.013
Kim JE, Phuntsho S, Chekli L, Choi JY, Shon HK (2018) Environmental and economic assessment
of hybrid FO-RO/NF system with selected inorganic draw solutes for the treatment of mine
impaired water. Desalination 429:96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.12.016
Lalia BS, Kochkodan V, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N (2013) A review on membrane fabrication: structure,
properties and performance relationship. Desalination 326:77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
desal.2013.06.016
Li X, Loh CH, Wang R, Widjajanti W, Torres J (2017) Fabrication of a robust high performance FO
membrane by optimizing substrate structure and incorporating aquaporin into selective layer. J
Membr Sci 525:257–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.051
Liu F, Hashim NA, Liu Y, Abed MM, Li K (2011) Progress in the production and modification of
PVDF membranes. J Membr Sci 375(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.014
Luo J, Wu C, Xu T, Wu Y (2011) Diffusion dialysis-concept, principle and applications. J Membr
Sci 366(1–2):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.028
Luo H, Wang Q, Zhang TC, Tao T, Zhou A, Chen L, Bie X (2014) A review on the recovery
methods of draw solutes in forward osmosis. J Water Process Eng 4:212–223
Lutchmiah K, Verliefde ARD, Roest K, Cornelissen ER (2014) Forward osmosis for application in
wastewater treatment: a review. Water Res 58:179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.
03.045
Ma H, Burger C, Hsiao BS, Chu B (2012) Highly permeable polymer membranes containing
directed channels for water purification. ACS Macro Lett 1:723–726
Ma N, Wei J, Qi S, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Tang CY (2013) Nanocomposite substrates for controlling
internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis membranes. J Membr Sci 441:54–62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.004
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ (2003) Removal of cadmium and cyanide from
aqueous solutions through electrodialysis. J Braz Chem Soc 14:610–615. https://doi.org/10.
1590/S0103-50532003000400018
McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M (2006) Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide
forward osmosis: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance. J
Membr Sci 278(1–2):114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048
278
A. Kapoor et al.
multicomponent metal mixtures by polymer enhanced ultrafiltration: effects of pH, ionic
strength and conformational changes in polymer structure. Sep Sci Technol 45
(10):1363–1373. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496391003674274
Karabelas AJ, Koutsou CP, Kostoglou M, Sioutopoulos DC (2018) Analysis of specific energy
consumption in reverse osmosis desalination processes. Desalination 431:15–21. https://doi.org/
10.1016/j.desal.2017.04.006
Karisma D, Febrianto G, Mangindaan D (2017) Removal of dyes from textile wastewater by using
nanofiltration polyetherimide membrane. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 109:012012. https://
doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/109/1/012012
Kavitha E, Prabhakar S, Rajesh MP (2018) Removal and recovery of heavy metals from aqueous
solution using b-cyclodextrin polymer and optimization of complexation conditions. Desalin
Water Treat 122:219–230. https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.22783
Kavitha E, Sowmya A, Prabhakar S, Jain P, Surya R, Rajesh MP (2019) Removal and recovery of
heavy metals through size enhanced ultrafiltration using chitosan derivatives and optimization
with response surface modeling. Int J Biol Macromol 132:278–288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ijbiomac.2019.03.128
Kelewou H, Lhassani A, Merzouki M, Drogui P (2015) Removal of textile-based dyes by
nanofiltration: study of physicochemical parameters’ effect on the retention by experimental
designs methodology. Desalin Water Treat 54(6):1735–1746. https://doi.org/10.1080/
19443994.2014.890132
Kim J-J, Kang H, Choi Y-S, Yu YA, Lee J-C (2016) Thermo-responsive oligomeric poly
(tetrabutylphosphonium styrenesulfonate)s as draw solutes for forward osmosis
(FO) applications. Desalination 381:84–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2015.11.013
Kim JE, Phuntsho S, Chekli L, Choi JY, Shon HK (2018) Environmental and economic assessment
of hybrid FO-RO/NF system with selected inorganic draw solutes for the treatment of mine
impaired water. Desalination 429:96–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2017.12.016
Lalia BS, Kochkodan V, Hashaikeh R, Hilal N (2013) A review on membrane fabrication: structure,
properties and performance relationship. Desalination 326:77–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
desal.2013.06.016
Li X, Loh CH, Wang R, Widjajanti W, Torres J (2017) Fabrication of a robust high performance FO
membrane by optimizing substrate structure and incorporating aquaporin into selective layer. J
Membr Sci 525:257–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.051
Liu F, Hashim NA, Liu Y, Abed MM, Li K (2011) Progress in the production and modification of
PVDF membranes. J Membr Sci 375(1):1–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.014
Luo J, Wu C, Xu T, Wu Y (2011) Diffusion dialysis-concept, principle and applications. J Membr
Sci 366(1–2):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2010.10.028
Luo H, Wang Q, Zhang TC, Tao T, Zhou A, Chen L, Bie X (2014) A review on the recovery
methods of draw solutes in forward osmosis. J Water Process Eng 4:212–223
Lutchmiah K, Verliefde ARD, Roest K, Cornelissen ER (2014) Forward osmosis for application in
wastewater treatment: a review. Water Res 58:179–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2014.
03.045
Ma H, Burger C, Hsiao BS, Chu B (2012) Highly permeable polymer membranes containing
directed channels for water purification. ACS Macro Lett 1:723–726
Ma N, Wei J, Qi S, Zhao Y, Gao Y, Tang CY (2013) Nanocomposite substrates for controlling
internal concentration polarization in forward osmosis membranes. J Membr Sci 441:54–62.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.004
Marder L, Sulzbach GO, Bernardes AM, Ferreira JZ (2003) Removal of cadmium and cyanide from
aqueous solutions through electrodialysis. J Braz Chem Soc 14:610–615. https://doi.org/10.
1590/S0103-50532003000400018
McCutcheon JR, McGinnis RL, Elimelech M (2006) Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide
forward osmosis: influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance. J
Membr Sci 278(1–2):114–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048
278
A. Kapoor et al.