solar energy and enhances the photo-efficiency. The carbon quantum dots were also
loaded with Bi 2 WO 6 and applied for the degradation of various organic pollutants.
Wang et al. (2018a) fabricated 0D and 2D carbon dots on Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets,
and the photodegradation study was carried out on methyl orange and bisphenol
A. The composites show three times higher efficiency as compared to Bi 2 WO 6
alone. The excellent photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the up-conversion and
electron reservoir property of carbon quantum dots. The high ability of charge carrier
separation is further confirmed by density functional theory calculation. Further,
electron spin resonance measurement and quenching experiment reveals hydroxyl
radical, superoxide radical, and holes are the active species in photodegradation.
Zhang et al. (2018) design nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-mediated Ag 3 PO 4 /
BiVO 4 , a Z-scheme photocatalyst, via solvothermal precipitation method. Tetracycline, an antibiotic, was used to assess the photocatalytic performance under visible
light, and nearly 88.9% was degraded in just 30 min. The higher performance was
due to the fabrication of Z-scheme photocatalyst which increases the effective
utilization of solar light.
Zhang et al. (2017) fabricated carbon quantum dots/Bi 2 WO 6 nanocomposites and
successfully studied photodegradation of rhodamine B and phenol and hydrogen
production using solar light. Di et al. (2015a) design visible light-driven carbon
quantum dots/Bi 2 WO 6 hybrid having a sphere-like structure. The competence was
assessed against rhodamine B; ciprofloxacin, a colorless antibiotic agent; tetracycline hydrochloride; and bisphenol A, an endocrine interrupting agent. Further,
electron spin resonance and trapping experiment studies explore that the active
species were superoxide radical and holes, respectively. Other than Bi 2 WO 6 ,
Bi 2 MoO 6 having a band gap of 2.5–2.8 eV, high chemical stability, resistance to
corrosion, and low cost is also of much importance. Di et al. (2015b) distributed
carbon quantum dots having an average size of 7 nm over Bi 2 MoO 6 via hydrothermal method and investigated the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin. The photoefficiency was assessed using ciprofloxacin, bisphenol A, tetracycline hydrochloride, and methylene blue as targeted pollutant. The enhanced photo-efficiency is due
to the more adsorption active species, visible light absorption, and slower rate of
recombination.
Zhang et al. (2018) prepared carbon dot/BiPO 4 photocatalytic system via hydrothermal followed by calcination method. The photocatalytic activity was assessed
against indomethacin a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug under solar light. The
photocatalytic efficiency of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot/BiPO 4 synthesized
by ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal method was also tested against ciprofloxacin,
enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and 4-chlorophenol, a colorless antibiotic, under ultraviolet radiation (Di et al. 2017). Zhang et al. (2018) prepared novel carbon quantum
dots/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 using simple dynamic adsorption method and chosen methyl blue
and phenol as targeted pollutants for degradation. Here, Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 photocatalyst
exists in different morphological flower, porous ball, sponge, and slice-like structure.
Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 has very unique layered structure consisting of CO 3
2À layer interwoven
104
P. Shandilya et al.
loaded with Bi 2 WO 6 and applied for the degradation of various organic pollutants.
Wang et al. (2018a) fabricated 0D and 2D carbon dots on Bi 2 WO 6 nanosheets,
and the photodegradation study was carried out on methyl orange and bisphenol
A. The composites show three times higher efficiency as compared to Bi 2 WO 6
alone. The excellent photocatalytic activity was ascribed to the up-conversion and
electron reservoir property of carbon quantum dots. The high ability of charge carrier
separation is further confirmed by density functional theory calculation. Further,
electron spin resonance measurement and quenching experiment reveals hydroxyl
radical, superoxide radical, and holes are the active species in photodegradation.
Zhang et al. (2018) design nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot-mediated Ag 3 PO 4 /
BiVO 4 , a Z-scheme photocatalyst, via solvothermal precipitation method. Tetracycline, an antibiotic, was used to assess the photocatalytic performance under visible
light, and nearly 88.9% was degraded in just 30 min. The higher performance was
due to the fabrication of Z-scheme photocatalyst which increases the effective
utilization of solar light.
Zhang et al. (2017) fabricated carbon quantum dots/Bi 2 WO 6 nanocomposites and
successfully studied photodegradation of rhodamine B and phenol and hydrogen
production using solar light. Di et al. (2015a) design visible light-driven carbon
quantum dots/Bi 2 WO 6 hybrid having a sphere-like structure. The competence was
assessed against rhodamine B; ciprofloxacin, a colorless antibiotic agent; tetracycline hydrochloride; and bisphenol A, an endocrine interrupting agent. Further,
electron spin resonance and trapping experiment studies explore that the active
species were superoxide radical and holes, respectively. Other than Bi 2 WO 6 ,
Bi 2 MoO 6 having a band gap of 2.5–2.8 eV, high chemical stability, resistance to
corrosion, and low cost is also of much importance. Di et al. (2015b) distributed
carbon quantum dots having an average size of 7 nm over Bi 2 MoO 6 via hydrothermal method and investigated the photodegradation of ciprofloxacin. The photoefficiency was assessed using ciprofloxacin, bisphenol A, tetracycline hydrochloride, and methylene blue as targeted pollutant. The enhanced photo-efficiency is due
to the more adsorption active species, visible light absorption, and slower rate of
recombination.
Zhang et al. (2018) prepared carbon dot/BiPO 4 photocatalytic system via hydrothermal followed by calcination method. The photocatalytic activity was assessed
against indomethacin a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug under solar light. The
photocatalytic efficiency of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dot/BiPO 4 synthesized
by ionic liquid-assisted solvothermal method was also tested against ciprofloxacin,
enrofloxacin, tetracycline, and 4-chlorophenol, a colorless antibiotic, under ultraviolet radiation (Di et al. 2017). Zhang et al. (2018) prepared novel carbon quantum
dots/Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 using simple dynamic adsorption method and chosen methyl blue
and phenol as targeted pollutants for degradation. Here, Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 photocatalyst
exists in different morphological flower, porous ball, sponge, and slice-like structure.
Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 has very unique layered structure consisting of CO 3
2À layer interwoven
104
P. Shandilya et al.