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T. Mabhaudhi et al.
Table 3
(continued)
Tool
Modeling framework Scale
System breadth
Analytical capability Flexibility
Applicability to
WEF nexus in
South Africa
Quantitative
assessment
framework
Input-output based on
Lontief matrices
National
WEF nexus
components
Scenario-based,
accounting of nexus
resource consumption,
and interdependency
indicators
Fixed defined
technologies and
interactions
Yes, could be
extended to analyze
the influence of
socio-economic
factors
DEA
Data envelopment
analysis model
Local (city level)
WEF nexus
components
Input-output efficiency
No, cannot be used
for national
evaluation of the
WEF nexus
PRIMA
Integrates regional
climate, hydrology,
agriculture and land
use, socioeconomics,
and energy systems
sector models
Regional
WEF components,
economy, land use
Climate change
related analyses and
costs, land use,
greenhouse gas
emissions
Flexible, portable, and
modular
No, only relevant
for regional
decision-making
ANEMI
Integrated assessment
model
All scales
Climate, carbon cycle
economy, population,
land use, hydrological
cycle, and water
demand and quality
Reveals the
interconnections and
feedback of each
element
System dynamic
simulation
Yes
Sankey
diagram
Graphically represents
the complex
conversion pathways,
flows, and
interdependencies
between variables
All scales
WEF nexus
components
Based on the data
input
Adaptable to various
contexts
Yes
(continued)