418
T. Mabhaudhi et al.
Fig. 7 A modified version of the (Hoff 2011) nexus framework presented by Conway et al. (2015)
only five were sufficiently suitable to the South Africa context using the established
criteria (Table 1).
The framework developed by Smajgl et al. (2016) scored relatively well on the
“applicability to South Africa” criterion, but was weak Africa in its consideration of
innovation.
The next three studies, by Ringler et al. (2013), Karabulut et al. (2018), and
Martinez-Hernandez et al. (2017), ranked second through fourth, respectively, in
terms of their applicability to South Africa, but would have benefited from South
Africa deeper consideration of potential innovation and its connection to the SDGs.
The framework by Conway et al. (2015) would have been more applicable to use in
South Africa by integrating sectors, acknowledging adjacent sectors (e.g., livelihoods, land, ecosystems), and including innovation. All these shortcomings were
accounted for by modifying the selected frameworks for more applicability and
relevance to South Africa.
3.1.2 Innovation
South Africa Consideration of innovation encompasses improved infrastructure (e.g.,
power stations with lower emissions and/or dry-cooled power plants), renewable
energy mechanisms (biofuels, wind, tidal, and better exploitation of abundant solar
T. Mabhaudhi et al.
Fig. 7 A modified version of the (Hoff 2011) nexus framework presented by Conway et al. (2015)
only five were sufficiently suitable to the South Africa context using the established
criteria (Table 1).
The framework developed by Smajgl et al. (2016) scored relatively well on the
“applicability to South Africa” criterion, but was weak Africa in its consideration of
innovation.
The next three studies, by Ringler et al. (2013), Karabulut et al. (2018), and
Martinez-Hernandez et al. (2017), ranked second through fourth, respectively, in
terms of their applicability to South Africa, but would have benefited from South
Africa deeper consideration of potential innovation and its connection to the SDGs.
The framework by Conway et al. (2015) would have been more applicable to use in
South Africa by integrating sectors, acknowledging adjacent sectors (e.g., livelihoods, land, ecosystems), and including innovation. All these shortcomings were
accounted for by modifying the selected frameworks for more applicability and
relevance to South Africa.
3.1.2 Innovation
South Africa Consideration of innovation encompasses improved infrastructure (e.g.,
power stations with lower emissions and/or dry-cooled power plants), renewable
energy mechanisms (biofuels, wind, tidal, and better exploitation of abundant solar