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FAO/GIEWS (1998) Sahel Report No. 5/98 (10 October 1998), General Text. www.fao.org/docrep/
004/x0059e/x0059e00.htm. Accessed 05 Jan 2019
FAOSTAT (2019) Fertilizers by nutrients. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RFN
Garrity DP et al (2010) Food Sec 2:197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-010-0070-7
Gbobaniyi E et al (2014) Climatology, annual cycle and interannual variability of precipitation and
temperature in CORDEX simulation over West Africa. Int J Climatol 34:2241–2257. https://doi.
org/10.1002/joc.3834 Accessed 01/01/2019)
Giorgi F et al (2009) Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: The CORDEX
framework. WMO Bull 58(3):175–83
Gyau-Boakye P, Tumbulto JW (2000) The Volta Lake and declining rainfall and stream flows in
the Volta Basin. Environ Dev Sustain 2:1–10
HAP (Hydrological Assessment Report of the Northern Regions of Ghana) (2006) A Bibliographical
Review of Selected Papers. CIDA, WRC, SNC-LAVALIN International
Harris I, Jones PD, Osborn TJ, Lister DH (2014) Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic
observations—the CRU, TS3.10 Dataset. Int J Climatol 34:623–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.
3711
Hayward D, Oguntoyinbo J (1987) The Climatology of West Africa. Hutchinson, London
Howard G et al (2010) Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in
water and sanitation services. J Water Clim 1(1):2–16. Accessed 02 Jan 2019
Howard G et al (2016) Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging
Trends for Action. Annu Rev Environ Resour 41(1):253–276. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevenviron-110615-085856
IMF (2018) The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, October 2018 Edition. https://www.
imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=12&sy=2000&ey=
2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=638%2C748%2C678%2C662%2C742%
2C652&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPPC%2CPPPPC%2CPPPSH&grp=0&a=#download
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC WG II AR5 technical summary. http://ipccwg2.gov/AR5/images/
uploads/WGIIAR5-TS_FGDall.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2018
IPCC (2000) Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of working Group III of the
intergovernmental panel on climate change. [Naki´ cenovi´ c N, and Swart R (eds).] 570 pp
IPCC (2018) Summary for policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse
gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate
change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P,
Pörtner HO, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R,
Connors S, Matthews JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M,
Waterfield T (eds).]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 pp. http://
www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/sr15/sr15_spm_final.pdf)
Jaliffer-Verne I et al (2015) Impacts of global change on the concentrations and dilution of combined
sewer overflows in a drinking water source. Sci Total Environ 508:462–476
Jiménez Cisneros et al (2014) Freshwater resources. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation,
and vulnerability. part a: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the
fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change [Field CB, Barros VR,
Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova
RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds).]. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp 229–269
Johnston R, McCartney M (2010) Inventory of water storage types in the Blue Nile and Volta river
basins. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute. 48 p. (IWMI Working
Paper 140). http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.214
Kasei RA (2009) Modeling impacts of climate change on water resources in the Volta Basin,
West Africa. PhD thesis, Mathmatisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat, RheinischenFriedrickWilhelms-Universitat Bonn
G. A. Manful and Y. Opoku-Ankomah
FAO/GIEWS (1998) Sahel Report No. 5/98 (10 October 1998), General Text. www.fao.org/docrep/
004/x0059e/x0059e00.htm. Accessed 05 Jan 2019
FAOSTAT (2019) Fertilizers by nutrients. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/RFN
Garrity DP et al (2010) Food Sec 2:197. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-010-0070-7
Gbobaniyi E et al (2014) Climatology, annual cycle and interannual variability of precipitation and
temperature in CORDEX simulation over West Africa. Int J Climatol 34:2241–2257. https://doi.
org/10.1002/joc.3834 Accessed 01/01/2019)
Giorgi F et al (2009) Addressing climate information needs at the regional level: The CORDEX
framework. WMO Bull 58(3):175–83
Gyau-Boakye P, Tumbulto JW (2000) The Volta Lake and declining rainfall and stream flows in
the Volta Basin. Environ Dev Sustain 2:1–10
HAP (Hydrological Assessment Report of the Northern Regions of Ghana) (2006) A Bibliographical
Review of Selected Papers. CIDA, WRC, SNC-LAVALIN International
Harris I, Jones PD, Osborn TJ, Lister DH (2014) Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic
observations—the CRU, TS3.10 Dataset. Int J Climatol 34:623–642. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.
3711
Hayward D, Oguntoyinbo J (1987) The Climatology of West Africa. Hutchinson, London
Howard G et al (2010) Securing 2020 vision for 2030: climate change and ensuring resilience in
water and sanitation services. J Water Clim 1(1):2–16. Accessed 02 Jan 2019
Howard G et al (2016) Climate Change and Water and Sanitation: Likely Impacts and Emerging
Trends for Action. Annu Rev Environ Resour 41(1):253–276. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurevenviron-110615-085856
IMF (2018) The World Economic Outlook (WEO) database, October 2018 Edition. https://www.
imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2018/02/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=57&pr.y=12&sy=2000&ey=
2023&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=638%2C748%2C678%2C662%2C742%
2C652&s=NGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPPC%2CPPPPC%2CPPPSH&grp=0&a=#download
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC WG II AR5 technical summary. http://ipccwg2.gov/AR5/images/
uploads/WGIIAR5-TS_FGDall.pdf. Accessed 19 Sept 2018
IPCC (2000) Special report on emissions scenarios: a special report of working Group III of the
intergovernmental panel on climate change. [Naki´ cenovi´ c N, and Swart R (eds).] 570 pp
IPCC (2018) Summary for policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on
the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse
gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate
change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P,
Pörtner HO, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R,
Connors S, Matthews JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M,
Waterfield T (eds).]. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 pp. http://
www.ipcc.ch/pdf/special-reports/sr15/sr15_spm_final.pdf)
Jaliffer-Verne I et al (2015) Impacts of global change on the concentrations and dilution of combined
sewer overflows in a drinking water source. Sci Total Environ 508:462–476
Jiménez Cisneros et al (2014) Freshwater resources. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation,
and vulnerability. part a: global and sectoral aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the
fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change [Field CB, Barros VR,
Dokken DJ, Mach KJ, Mastrandrea MD, Bilir TE, Chatterjee M, Ebi KL, Estrada YO, Genova
RC, Girma B, Kissel ES, Levy AN, MacCracken S, Mastrandrea PR, White LL (eds).]. Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp 229–269
Johnston R, McCartney M (2010) Inventory of water storage types in the Blue Nile and Volta river
basins. Colombo, Sri Lanka, International Water Management Institute. 48 p. (IWMI Working
Paper 140). http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2010.214
Kasei RA (2009) Modeling impacts of climate change on water resources in the Volta Basin,
West Africa. PhD thesis, Mathmatisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat, RheinischenFriedrickWilhelms-Universitat Bonn