198
D. O. Olago et al.
Table 1
Challenges and threats to the lakes and existing management structure
Challenge/Threat Lake Victoria Nyanza
Gulf
Lake Naivasha
Lake Nakuru
Lake Baringo
Lake Turkana
Some key
references
Environmental
Land degradation
Pollution
(runoff/sewage)
High sedimentation
Introduced/Invasive
species
Land degradation
Pollution
(runoff/sewage)
High sedimentation
Introduced/Invasive
species
Pollution (runoff
and sewage)
Steep hydrological
fluctuations
Land degradation
Turbidity & high
sedimentation
in lake
Nutrient loading
Alkalinity
Land degradation
Nitrate pollution
from Omo River
irrigation
Turbidity and
increased
sedimentation
Water quality
Hughes and
Hughes 1992;
Johnson and
Odada (eds) 1996;
UNEP 2004, 2006
Lowe-McConnell
1995; Paron et al.
(eds), (2013)
Ecological
Changing food web
structure
Eutrophication—species
extinction/invasion
Anoxia
Warming lake waters
Changing food web
structure
Eutrophication—species
extinction/invasion
Changing food web
structure due to
hydrological
changes, affects
food chain
Biodiversity loss
Habitat degradation,
Land cover changes
Algal blooms
Declining fish
numbers
Changes in the
Omo River delta
Biodiversity loss,
Shoreline habitat
degradation,
Land-use changes
Change in species
contribution
Johnson and
Odada (eds) 1996;
Seehausen 1996;
UNEP 2004, 2006;
Sitoki et al. 2010;
Aloo 2002;
Hughes and
Hughes 1992;
UNEP 2004;
Ojwang et al. 2016;
Gownoris et al.
2017; Schagerl
(ed) 2016; Njiru
et al. 2017
Ecosystem
Goods and
Services
Unsustainable use of
wetland resources
Reduced livelihoods
options
Decline in fish catch and
biomass
Park & tourism
Decline in fish catch
and biomass
Aesthetics
Decline in fish
catch
Tourism
Livelihood
UNEP 2004, 2006;
Raini 2006;
Ojwang et al. 2016
(continued)