154
M. T. Sall et al.
• Low cereal yields aggravated by significant post-harvest and avian losses, and
• Continued dependence on the national electricity grid, which loses money and is
unable to adequately fulfill its public service role.
The area’s strong agricultural potential has not yet been fully realized and hence
has not yet had a significant impact on living standards. An overly segmented agricultural development policy lacking an integrated approach is thought to be a major
culprit.
4.1 Towards an IWRM and Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Following the Rio Summit in 1992, the Global Water Partnership (GWP) was created
in 1996 by the World Bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to promote an Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) approach by bringing together public and private
actors, and by assisting member countries in defining and implementing an IWRM
approach.
According to an ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) statement in 1997, “IWRM is a process that promotes the coordinated development
and management of water, land and associated resources in order to maximize the
resulting economic and social well-being in an equitable manner, without compromising the sustainability of social ecosystems.” The purpose of IWRM is to facilitate solutions to water resource-related problems through dialogue and trust-building
among concerned stakeholders.
The social well-being mentioned in the declaration includes the availability of
energy (including electricity) for lighting, cooking, health, information, etc. As a
consequence, this study proposes to focus on the establishment of an IWRM-based
consultation framework for various water stakeholders, and the attempt to implement
a Water-Energy-Food nexus approach.
IWRM and WEF nexus approaches are closely linked. Both promote better
resource use for sustainable development – socially, economically and environmentally. The key difference is that IWRM encompasses elements all around the water and
their eventual interrelationships with food and energy. The nexus approach focuses
on the three highly-interrelated factors.
Between 2011 and 2012, thirteen international scientific meetings discussed and
developed the nexus approach for a variety of contexts and situations (IISD 2013).
Several scientific organizations, including the International Institute for Sustainable
Development (IISD), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the
Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), the United Nations (UN), the World
Bank (WB), the US Department of Energy, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF), have
conducted or are currently conducting studies consistent with this approach. It is
also currently used as a methodology for several integrated development projects
M. T. Sall et al.
• Low cereal yields aggravated by significant post-harvest and avian losses, and
• Continued dependence on the national electricity grid, which loses money and is
unable to adequately fulfill its public service role.
The area’s strong agricultural potential has not yet been fully realized and hence
has not yet had a significant impact on living standards. An overly segmented agricultural development policy lacking an integrated approach is thought to be a major
culprit.
4.1 Towards an IWRM and Water-Energy-Food Nexus
Following the Rio Summit in 1992, the Global Water Partnership (GWP) was created
in 1996 by the World Bank, United Nations Development Program (UNDP) and the
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) to promote an Integrated Water
Resources Management (IWRM) approach by bringing together public and private
actors, and by assisting member countries in defining and implementing an IWRM
approach.
According to an ECOWAS (Economic Community of West African States) statement in 1997, “IWRM is a process that promotes the coordinated development
and management of water, land and associated resources in order to maximize the
resulting economic and social well-being in an equitable manner, without compromising the sustainability of social ecosystems.” The purpose of IWRM is to facilitate solutions to water resource-related problems through dialogue and trust-building
among concerned stakeholders.
The social well-being mentioned in the declaration includes the availability of
energy (including electricity) for lighting, cooking, health, information, etc. As a
consequence, this study proposes to focus on the establishment of an IWRM-based
consultation framework for various water stakeholders, and the attempt to implement
a Water-Energy-Food nexus approach.
IWRM and WEF nexus approaches are closely linked. Both promote better
resource use for sustainable development – socially, economically and environmentally. The key difference is that IWRM encompasses elements all around the water and
their eventual interrelationships with food and energy. The nexus approach focuses
on the three highly-interrelated factors.
Between 2011 and 2012, thirteen international scientific meetings discussed and
developed the nexus approach for a variety of contexts and situations (IISD 2013).
Several scientific organizations, including the International Institute for Sustainable
Development (IISD), the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), the
Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI), the United Nations (UN), the World
Bank (WB), the US Department of Energy, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Economic Forum (WEF), have
conducted or are currently conducting studies consistent with this approach. It is
also currently used as a methodology for several integrated development projects