7 A Framework for IWRM in the Water-Energy-Food …
151
de Conserves Alimentaires du Sénégal (SOCAS) for tomatoes, the Société de
Cultures Légumières (SCL) for fresh vegetable market gardening and the more
general consortia Grands Domaines du Sénégal (GDS) and Compagnie Agricole
de Saint Louis (CASL). At the other end of the spectrum are smallholder subsistence
farmers and, in between, more-or-less efficient agricultural and agri-food small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Large agro-industries benefit from directly managed hydro-agricultural development. The largest and oldest is the CSS: with 11,300 ha, it is the only sugar producer
in Senegal. CSS was created at the beginning of the 1970s and exploits and maintains
the Taouey canal and drainage structure. Its highly developed agricultural operation
(traffic lanes, irrigation and drainage canals) is integrated into the hydraulic canvas
of the Delta. Its technical and human resources have shaped the northern landscape
of the lake, making it the “economic lung” of the region.
Table 1 presents a brief typology of the irrigated agriculture of the area. The
multitude of users and actors, with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests,
inevitably leads to a real problem of natural resource (i.e. water and soil) management
(Kane 1997; Dia 2004; Kamara 2013, Diop 2017). Every aspect of management is
aggravated by high population growth.
The threats listed in Table 1 result from the current vulnerability of the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors in Senegal. Productivist and intensive agriculture
consumes large amounts of input and suffers from land insecurity, which makes
investment and production financing complicated.
3.2 Competition and Complementarities
Several public and private projects concentrate on inclusive and sustainable development of agribusiness and small-scale agriculture in the area. PDMAS (Projet
de Développement des Marchés Agroalimentaires et Agricoles au Sénégal), on
30,000 ha including 14,000 ha in the Delta, and PDIDAS (Projet de Développement Inclusif et Durable de l’Agrobusiness au Sénégal), on 10,000 ha, are currently
involved in the development of horticulture around Lake Guiers. In recent years,
irrigated farms and water-consuming enterprises in the region experienced various
problems:
• Abandoned, inefficient and unprofitable hydro-agricultural developments, in turn,
increasing the diffusion of pollution;
• Exacerbated tensions between those with a primary interest in fresh water and
fertile soils;
• Insufficient food production, leading to food insecurity in a context of high
population growth; and
• Increasing differentiation and competition between agro-economic models that
are developing modern agricultural or agro-industrial enterprises rapidly and
declining traditional family farms.
151
de Conserves Alimentaires du Sénégal (SOCAS) for tomatoes, the Société de
Cultures Légumières (SCL) for fresh vegetable market gardening and the more
general consortia Grands Domaines du Sénégal (GDS) and Compagnie Agricole
de Saint Louis (CASL). At the other end of the spectrum are smallholder subsistence
farmers and, in between, more-or-less efficient agricultural and agri-food small and
medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
Large agro-industries benefit from directly managed hydro-agricultural development. The largest and oldest is the CSS: with 11,300 ha, it is the only sugar producer
in Senegal. CSS was created at the beginning of the 1970s and exploits and maintains
the Taouey canal and drainage structure. Its highly developed agricultural operation
(traffic lanes, irrigation and drainage canals) is integrated into the hydraulic canvas
of the Delta. Its technical and human resources have shaped the northern landscape
of the lake, making it the “economic lung” of the region.
Table 1 presents a brief typology of the irrigated agriculture of the area. The
multitude of users and actors, with diverse and sometimes conflicting interests,
inevitably leads to a real problem of natural resource (i.e. water and soil) management
(Kane 1997; Dia 2004; Kamara 2013, Diop 2017). Every aspect of management is
aggravated by high population growth.
The threats listed in Table 1 result from the current vulnerability of the agricultural and agro-industrial sectors in Senegal. Productivist and intensive agriculture
consumes large amounts of input and suffers from land insecurity, which makes
investment and production financing complicated.
3.2 Competition and Complementarities
Several public and private projects concentrate on inclusive and sustainable development of agribusiness and small-scale agriculture in the area. PDMAS (Projet
de Développement des Marchés Agroalimentaires et Agricoles au Sénégal), on
30,000 ha including 14,000 ha in the Delta, and PDIDAS (Projet de Développement Inclusif et Durable de l’Agrobusiness au Sénégal), on 10,000 ha, are currently
involved in the development of horticulture around Lake Guiers. In recent years,
irrigated farms and water-consuming enterprises in the region experienced various
problems:
• Abandoned, inefficient and unprofitable hydro-agricultural developments, in turn,
increasing the diffusion of pollution;
• Exacerbated tensions between those with a primary interest in fresh water and
fertile soils;
• Insufficient food production, leading to food insecurity in a context of high
population growth; and
• Increasing differentiation and competition between agro-economic models that
are developing modern agricultural or agro-industrial enterprises rapidly and
declining traditional family farms.