5 Climate Change Impact on Hydrological Regimes …
125
Chamaillé-Jammes S, Fritz H, Murindagomo F (2007) Detecting climate changes of concern
in highly variable environments: quantile regressions reveal that droughts worsen in Hwange
National Park, Zimbabwe. J Arid Environ 71(3):321–326
Collins JM (2011) Temperature variability over Africa. J Clim 24(14):3649–3666
Collins M, An SI, Cai W, Ganachaud A, Guilyardi E, Jin FF, Jochum M, Lengaigne M, Power S,
Timmermann A (2010) The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño.
Nat Geosci 3(6):391–397
Conway D, Persechino A, Ardoin-Bardin S, Hamandawana H, Dieulin C, Mahé G (2009). Rainfall and water resources variability in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century. J
Hydrometeorol 10(1):41–59
Crane TA, Roncoli C, Hoogenboom G (2011) Adaptation to climate change and climate variability: the importance of understanding agriculture as performance. NJAS-Wageningen J Life
Sci 57(3):179–185
Desanker P, Magadza C (2001) Africa. In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Doken DJ, White
KS (eds). Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC working group II:
third assessment report. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Desanker P (2002) The impact of climate change of life in Africa: climate change and vulnerability
in Africa. WorldWide Fund for Nature, Washington, DC, USA
Easterling DR, Meehl GA, Parmesan C, Changnon SA, Karl TR, Mearns LO (2000) Climate
extremes: observations, modeling and impacts. Sci Compass 289(5487):2068–2074
Eriksen S, Watson H (2009) The dynamic context of southern African savannas: investigating
emerging threats and opportunities to sustainability. Environ Sci Policy 12(1):5–22
Falkenmark, M. 1989. The massive water scarcity now threatening Africa: why isn’t it being
addressed? Ambio 1(1):112–118
Fanta B, Zaake BT, Kachroo RK (2001) A study of variability of annual river flow of the Southern
African region. Hydrol Sci J 46(4):513–524
Fauchereau N, Trzaska S, Rouault M, Richard Y (2003) Rainfall variability and changes in Southern
Africa during the 20th century in the global warming context. Nat Haz 29(2):139–154
Field CB, Barros V, Stocker T, Qin D, Dokken D, Ebi K, Mastrandrea M, Mach K, Plattner GK,
Allen S (2012) IPCC, 2012: managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate
change adaptation. A special report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, vol 30(11). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York,
NY, USA, pp 7575–7613
Garderen EAV (2017) Chapter 13: regional climate change strategies and initiatives. In: DavisReddy CL, Vincent K (eds) 2017: climate risk and vulnerability: a handbook for Southern Africa
(2nd Ed), CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
Gardner-Outlaw T, Engelman R (1997) Sustaining water. Easing scarcity: a second update, Population Action International (PAI), Washington DC, US. http://www.populationaction.org/Publicati
ons/Reports/Sustaining_Water_Easing_Scarcity/Sustaining_Water_Easing_Scarcity_-_Full_R
eport.pdf
Githeko AK, Lindsay SW, Confalonieri UE, Patz JA (2000) Climate change and vector-borne
diseases: a regional analysis. Bull World Health Organ 78(9):1136–1147
Gizaw MS, Gan TY (2017) Impact of climate change and El Niño episodes on droughts in subSaharan Africa. Clim Dyn 49(1–2):665–682
Goodess CM (2013) How is the frequency, location and severity of extreme events likely to change
up to 2060? Environ Sci Policy 27:S4–S14
Groisman PY, Knight RW, Easterling DR, Karl TR, Hegerl GC, Razuvaev VN (2005) Trends in
intense precipitation in the climate record. J Clim 18(9):1326–1350
Gyamfi C, Ndambuki JM, Salim RW (2016) Hydrological responses to land use/cover changes in
the Olifants Basin, South Africa. Water 8(12):588
Harrison L, Michaelsen J, Funk C, Husak G (2011) Effects of temperature changes on maize
production in Mozambique. Clim Res 46(3):211–222
Hewitson B, Crane R (1996) Climate downscaling: techniques and application. Clim Res 7(2):85–95
125
Chamaillé-Jammes S, Fritz H, Murindagomo F (2007) Detecting climate changes of concern
in highly variable environments: quantile regressions reveal that droughts worsen in Hwange
National Park, Zimbabwe. J Arid Environ 71(3):321–326
Collins JM (2011) Temperature variability over Africa. J Clim 24(14):3649–3666
Collins M, An SI, Cai W, Ganachaud A, Guilyardi E, Jin FF, Jochum M, Lengaigne M, Power S,
Timmermann A (2010) The impact of global warming on the tropical Pacific Ocean and El Niño.
Nat Geosci 3(6):391–397
Conway D, Persechino A, Ardoin-Bardin S, Hamandawana H, Dieulin C, Mahé G (2009). Rainfall and water resources variability in sub-Saharan Africa during the twentieth century. J
Hydrometeorol 10(1):41–59
Crane TA, Roncoli C, Hoogenboom G (2011) Adaptation to climate change and climate variability: the importance of understanding agriculture as performance. NJAS-Wageningen J Life
Sci 57(3):179–185
Desanker P, Magadza C (2001) Africa. In: McCarthy JJ, Canziani OF, Leary NA, Doken DJ, White
KS (eds). Climate change 2001: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. IPCC working group II:
third assessment report. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Desanker P (2002) The impact of climate change of life in Africa: climate change and vulnerability
in Africa. WorldWide Fund for Nature, Washington, DC, USA
Easterling DR, Meehl GA, Parmesan C, Changnon SA, Karl TR, Mearns LO (2000) Climate
extremes: observations, modeling and impacts. Sci Compass 289(5487):2068–2074
Eriksen S, Watson H (2009) The dynamic context of southern African savannas: investigating
emerging threats and opportunities to sustainability. Environ Sci Policy 12(1):5–22
Falkenmark, M. 1989. The massive water scarcity now threatening Africa: why isn’t it being
addressed? Ambio 1(1):112–118
Fanta B, Zaake BT, Kachroo RK (2001) A study of variability of annual river flow of the Southern
African region. Hydrol Sci J 46(4):513–524
Fauchereau N, Trzaska S, Rouault M, Richard Y (2003) Rainfall variability and changes in Southern
Africa during the 20th century in the global warming context. Nat Haz 29(2):139–154
Field CB, Barros V, Stocker T, Qin D, Dokken D, Ebi K, Mastrandrea M, Mach K, Plattner GK,
Allen S (2012) IPCC, 2012: managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate
change adaptation. A special report of Working Groups I and II of the Intergovernmental Panel
on Climate Change, vol 30(11). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, and New York,
NY, USA, pp 7575–7613
Garderen EAV (2017) Chapter 13: regional climate change strategies and initiatives. In: DavisReddy CL, Vincent K (eds) 2017: climate risk and vulnerability: a handbook for Southern Africa
(2nd Ed), CSIR, Pretoria, South Africa
Gardner-Outlaw T, Engelman R (1997) Sustaining water. Easing scarcity: a second update, Population Action International (PAI), Washington DC, US. http://www.populationaction.org/Publicati
ons/Reports/Sustaining_Water_Easing_Scarcity/Sustaining_Water_Easing_Scarcity_-_Full_R
eport.pdf
Githeko AK, Lindsay SW, Confalonieri UE, Patz JA (2000) Climate change and vector-borne
diseases: a regional analysis. Bull World Health Organ 78(9):1136–1147
Gizaw MS, Gan TY (2017) Impact of climate change and El Niño episodes on droughts in subSaharan Africa. Clim Dyn 49(1–2):665–682
Goodess CM (2013) How is the frequency, location and severity of extreme events likely to change
up to 2060? Environ Sci Policy 27:S4–S14
Groisman PY, Knight RW, Easterling DR, Karl TR, Hegerl GC, Razuvaev VN (2005) Trends in
intense precipitation in the climate record. J Clim 18(9):1326–1350
Gyamfi C, Ndambuki JM, Salim RW (2016) Hydrological responses to land use/cover changes in
the Olifants Basin, South Africa. Water 8(12):588
Harrison L, Michaelsen J, Funk C, Husak G (2011) Effects of temperature changes on maize
production in Mozambique. Clim Res 46(3):211–222
Hewitson B, Crane R (1996) Climate downscaling: techniques and application. Clim Res 7(2):85–95