67
Lee A, Nolan A, Watson J, Tristem M (2013) Identification of an ancient endogenous retrovirus,
predating the divergence of the placental mammals. Philos Trans R Soc B 368:20120503.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0503
Neilson MN, Elgee DE (1968) Tumorlike bodies in virus-infected and noninfected adults of the
spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae. J Invertebr Pathol 10:70–75
Perry RD, Fetherston JD (1997) Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague. Clin Microbiol Rev
10:35–66
Poinar GO Jr (1977) Fossil nematodes from Mexican amber. Nematologica 23:232–238
Poinar GO Jr (1983) The natural history of nematodes. Prentice Hall, New York, NY. 323 p
Poinar GO Jr (2004) Palaeomyia burmitis (Diptera: Phlebotomidae), a new genus and species
of Cretaceous sand flies with evidence of blood-sucking habits. Proc Entomol Soc Wash
106:598–605
Poinar GO Jr (2005a) Culex malariager, n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Dominican amber: the
first mosquito vector of Plasmodium. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 107:548–553
Poinar GO Jr (2005b) Plasmodium dominicana n. sp. (Plasmodiidae: Haemospororida) from
Tertiary Dominican amber. Syst Parasitol 61:47–52
Poinar GO Jr (2005c) Triatoma dominicana sp. n., (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:Triatominae), and
Trypanosoma antiquus sp. n. (Stercoraria: Trypanosomatidae), the first fossil evidence of a
Triatomine-Trypanosomatid vector association. Vector Borne Zoonot Dis 5:72–81
Poinar GO Jr (2008) Leptoconops nosopheris sp. n. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and
Paleotrypanosoma burmanicus gen. n., sp. n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a biting
midge-trypanosome vector association from the Early Cretaceous. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
103:468–471
Poinar GO Jr (2010a) Primigregarina burmanica n. gen., n. sp., an Early Cretaceous gregarine
(Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) parasite of a cockroach (Insecta: Blattodea). In: Boucot AJ,
Poinar GO Jr (eds) Fossil behavior compendium. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 54–56
Poinar GO Jr (2010b) Fossil flatus: indirect evidence of intestinal microbes. In: Boucot AJ, Poinar
GO Jr (eds) Fossil behavior compendium. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 22–25
Poinar GO Jr (2010c) Notes on the origins and evolution of Bacillus in relation to insect parasitism.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 68–71
Poinar G Jr (2011) Paleorhodococcus dominicanus n. gen., n. sp. (Actinobacteria) in a fecal
droplet of Triatoma dominicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Dominican amber.
Hist Biol 24:219–221
Poinar GO Jr (2012a) Vetufebrus ovatus n. gen. n. sp. (Hemosporida: Plasmodiidae) vectored by a
streblid bat fly (Diptera: Streblidae) in Dominican amber. Parasit Vectors 4:229–233
Poinar GO Jr (2012b) (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) vectored by a streblid bat fly (Diptera:
Streblidae) in Dominican amber. Parasit Vectors 4:229–233
Poinar GO Jr (2013a) Panstrongylus hispaniolae sp. n. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae),
a new fossil in Dominican amber. Parasites and Vectors 4: 229–233. of gut flagellates.
Palaeodiversity 6:1–8
Poinar GO Jr (2013b) Fossil gregarines in Dominican and Burmese amber: examples of accelerated
development? Palaeodiversity 5:1–6
Poinar G Jr (2014a) Spirochete-like cells in a Dominican amber Amblyomma tick (Arachnida:
Ixodidae). Hist Biol 27:565–570
Poinar G Jr (2014b) Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum
(Ixodida: Ixodidae). Cretac Res 52:623–627
Poinar G Jr (2014c) Evolutionary history of terrestrial pathogens and endoparasites as revealed in
fossils and subfossils. Adv Biol 2014:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/181353
Poinar G Jr (2015) A new genus of fleas with associated microorganisms in Dominican amber. J
Med Entomol 52:1234–1240
Poinar G Jr (2017) Fossilized mammalian erythrocytes associated with a tick reveal ancient
Piroplasms. J Med Entomol 54:895–900
2 Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic Protozoa
Lee A, Nolan A, Watson J, Tristem M (2013) Identification of an ancient endogenous retrovirus,
predating the divergence of the placental mammals. Philos Trans R Soc B 368:20120503.
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0503
Neilson MN, Elgee DE (1968) Tumorlike bodies in virus-infected and noninfected adults of the
spruce sawfly, Diprion hercyniae. J Invertebr Pathol 10:70–75
Perry RD, Fetherston JD (1997) Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague. Clin Microbiol Rev
10:35–66
Poinar GO Jr (1977) Fossil nematodes from Mexican amber. Nematologica 23:232–238
Poinar GO Jr (1983) The natural history of nematodes. Prentice Hall, New York, NY. 323 p
Poinar GO Jr (2004) Palaeomyia burmitis (Diptera: Phlebotomidae), a new genus and species
of Cretaceous sand flies with evidence of blood-sucking habits. Proc Entomol Soc Wash
106:598–605
Poinar GO Jr (2005a) Culex malariager, n. sp. (Diptera: Culicidae) from Dominican amber: the
first mosquito vector of Plasmodium. Proc Entomol Soc Wash 107:548–553
Poinar GO Jr (2005b) Plasmodium dominicana n. sp. (Plasmodiidae: Haemospororida) from
Tertiary Dominican amber. Syst Parasitol 61:47–52
Poinar GO Jr (2005c) Triatoma dominicana sp. n., (Hemiptera: Reduviidae:Triatominae), and
Trypanosoma antiquus sp. n. (Stercoraria: Trypanosomatidae), the first fossil evidence of a
Triatomine-Trypanosomatid vector association. Vector Borne Zoonot Dis 5:72–81
Poinar GO Jr (2008) Leptoconops nosopheris sp. n. (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) and
Paleotrypanosoma burmanicus gen. n., sp. n. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae), a biting
midge-trypanosome vector association from the Early Cretaceous. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
103:468–471
Poinar GO Jr (2010a) Primigregarina burmanica n. gen., n. sp., an Early Cretaceous gregarine
(Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) parasite of a cockroach (Insecta: Blattodea). In: Boucot AJ,
Poinar GO Jr (eds) Fossil behavior compendium. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 54–56
Poinar GO Jr (2010b) Fossil flatus: indirect evidence of intestinal microbes. In: Boucot AJ, Poinar
GO Jr (eds) Fossil behavior compendium. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 22–25
Poinar GO Jr (2010c) Notes on the origins and evolution of Bacillus in relation to insect parasitism.
CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp 68–71
Poinar G Jr (2011) Paleorhodococcus dominicanus n. gen., n. sp. (Actinobacteria) in a fecal
droplet of Triatoma dominicana (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Dominican amber.
Hist Biol 24:219–221
Poinar GO Jr (2012a) Vetufebrus ovatus n. gen. n. sp. (Hemosporida: Plasmodiidae) vectored by a
streblid bat fly (Diptera: Streblidae) in Dominican amber. Parasit Vectors 4:229–233
Poinar GO Jr (2012b) (Haemospororida: Plasmodiidae) vectored by a streblid bat fly (Diptera:
Streblidae) in Dominican amber. Parasit Vectors 4:229–233
Poinar GO Jr (2013a) Panstrongylus hispaniolae sp. n. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae),
a new fossil in Dominican amber. Parasites and Vectors 4: 229–233. of gut flagellates.
Palaeodiversity 6:1–8
Poinar GO Jr (2013b) Fossil gregarines in Dominican and Burmese amber: examples of accelerated
development? Palaeodiversity 5:1–6
Poinar G Jr (2014a) Spirochete-like cells in a Dominican amber Amblyomma tick (Arachnida:
Ixodidae). Hist Biol 27:565–570
Poinar G Jr (2014b) Rickettsial-like cells in the Cretaceous tick, Cornupalpatum burmanicum
(Ixodida: Ixodidae). Cretac Res 52:623–627
Poinar G Jr (2014c) Evolutionary history of terrestrial pathogens and endoparasites as revealed in
fossils and subfossils. Adv Biol 2014:1–29. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/181353
Poinar G Jr (2015) A new genus of fleas with associated microorganisms in Dominican amber. J
Med Entomol 52:1234–1240
Poinar G Jr (2017) Fossilized mammalian erythrocytes associated with a tick reveal ancient
Piroplasms. J Med Entomol 54:895–900
2 Fossil Record of Viruses, Parasitic Bacteria and Parasitic Protozoa