505
Bukovinszky T, van Veen FJF, Jongema Y, Dicke M (2008) Direct and indirect effects of resource
quality on food web structure. Science 319:804–807
Burkhardt D, Ślipiński A (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the world Passandridae (Coleoptera).
In: Cuccodoro G, Leschen RAB (eds) Systematics of Coleoptera: papers celebrating the retirement of Ivan Löbl, Mem Entomol, vol 17. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, FL, pp 753–883
Burkhardt D, Ślipiński A (2010) Passandridae Blanchard 1845/Erichson, 1845. In: Leschen
RAB, Beutel RG, Lawrence JF (eds) Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta;
Teilband 38: Coleoptera, Beetles, Morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia,
Cucujiformia partim), vol 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 363–368
Burks RA, Heraty JM, Pinto JD, Grimaldi D (2015) Small but not ephemeral: newly discovered
species of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from
Eocene amber. Syst Entomol 40:592–605
Bush AO, Fernández JC, Esch GW, Seed RJ (2001) Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal
parasites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Byers GW (1996) More on the origin of Siphonaptera. J Kansas Entomol Soc 69(3):274–277
Cai CY, Huang DY (2014) The oldest micropepline beetle from Cretaceous Burmese amber and
its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Naturwissenschaften 202:813–817
Cai CY, Huang DY, Newton AF, Eldredge KT, Engel MS (2017) Early evolution of specialized
termitophily in Cretaceous rove beetles. Curr Biol 27:1229–1235
Cai CY, Yin ZW, Huang DY (2018) A new ripiphorid beetle from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber
sheds light on early evolution of the extant subfamily Ripidiinae (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae).
C R Palevol 17:351–356
Carlson RW (1979) Superfamily Evanioidea. In: Krombein KC, Hurd PD Jr, Smith DR, Burks
BD (eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, DC, pp 1109–1118
Carpenter FM (1954) The geological history and evolution of insects. Annu Rep Smithson Inst
1953:339–350, pls 1–3
Carpenter FM (1971) Adaptations among Paleozoic insects. In: Yochelson E (ed) Proceedings of the
First North American Paleontological Convention. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS, pp 1236–1251
Carpenter FM, Folsom JW, Essig EO, Kinsey AC, Brues CT, Boesel MW, Ewing HE (1937)
Insects and arachnids from Canadian amber. Univ Toronto Stud Geol Ser 40:7–62
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR (1985) Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. Bioscience 35:634–639
Castro LR, Dowton M (2006) Molecular analyses of the Apocrita (Insecta: Hymenoptera) suggest
that the Chalcidoidea are sister to the diaprioid complex. Invert Syst 20:603–614
Cerretti P, O’Hara JE, Wood DM, Shima H, Inclan DJ, Stireman JO III (2014) Signal through the
noise? Phylogeny of the Tachinidae (Diptera) as inferred from morphological evidence. Syst
Entomol 39:335–353
Cerretti P, Stireman JO III, Pape T, O’Hara JE, Marinho MAT, Rognes K, Grimaldi DA (2017)
First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid
divergences. PLoS One 12(8):e0182108. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182101
Chatzimanolis S, Grimaldi DA, Engel MS, Fraser NC (2012) Leehermania prorova, the earliest
staphyiniform beetle, from the Late Triassic of Virginia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Am Mus
Novit 3761:1–28
Chen J, Wang B, Engel MS, Wappler T, Jarzembowski EA, Zhang HC, Wang XL, Zheng XT,
Rust J (2014) Extreme adaptations for aquatic ectoparasitism in a Jurassic fly larva. eLife
2014(3):e02844. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02844
Chen ZZ, Huang S, Chang Y, Wang YG, Shin CK, Ren D (2019) Neuroptera – lacewings. In: Ren
D, Shih CK, Gao TP, Wang YG, Yao YZ (eds) Rhythms of insect evolution from the Jurassic
and Cretaceous in Northern China. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 285–336
Chin K (2021) Gastrointestinal parasites of ancient non-human vertebrates: evidence from coprolites and other materials. In: De Baets K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of
parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution
Bukovinszky T, van Veen FJF, Jongema Y, Dicke M (2008) Direct and indirect effects of resource
quality on food web structure. Science 319:804–807
Burkhardt D, Ślipiński A (2003) Phylogeny and taxonomy of the world Passandridae (Coleoptera).
In: Cuccodoro G, Leschen RAB (eds) Systematics of Coleoptera: papers celebrating the retirement of Ivan Löbl, Mem Entomol, vol 17. Associated Publishers, Gainesville, FL, pp 753–883
Burkhardt D, Ślipiński A (2010) Passandridae Blanchard 1845/Erichson, 1845. In: Leschen
RAB, Beutel RG, Lawrence JF (eds) Handbuch der Zoologie; Band IV: Arthropoda: Insecta;
Teilband 38: Coleoptera, Beetles, Morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia,
Cucujiformia partim), vol 2. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 363–368
Burks RA, Heraty JM, Pinto JD, Grimaldi D (2015) Small but not ephemeral: newly discovered
species of Aphelinidae and Trichogrammatidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from
Eocene amber. Syst Entomol 40:592–605
Bush AO, Fernández JC, Esch GW, Seed RJ (2001) Parasitism: the diversity and ecology of animal
parasites. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK
Byers GW (1996) More on the origin of Siphonaptera. J Kansas Entomol Soc 69(3):274–277
Cai CY, Huang DY (2014) The oldest micropepline beetle from Cretaceous Burmese amber and
its phylogenetic implications (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Naturwissenschaften 202:813–817
Cai CY, Huang DY, Newton AF, Eldredge KT, Engel MS (2017) Early evolution of specialized
termitophily in Cretaceous rove beetles. Curr Biol 27:1229–1235
Cai CY, Yin ZW, Huang DY (2018) A new ripiphorid beetle from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber
sheds light on early evolution of the extant subfamily Ripidiinae (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae).
C R Palevol 17:351–356
Carlson RW (1979) Superfamily Evanioidea. In: Krombein KC, Hurd PD Jr, Smith DR, Burks
BD (eds) Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press,
Washington, DC, pp 1109–1118
Carpenter FM (1954) The geological history and evolution of insects. Annu Rep Smithson Inst
1953:339–350, pls 1–3
Carpenter FM (1971) Adaptations among Paleozoic insects. In: Yochelson E (ed) Proceedings of the
First North American Paleontological Convention. Allen Press, Lawrence, KS, pp 1236–1251
Carpenter FM, Folsom JW, Essig EO, Kinsey AC, Brues CT, Boesel MW, Ewing HE (1937)
Insects and arachnids from Canadian amber. Univ Toronto Stud Geol Ser 40:7–62
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR (1985) Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity. Bioscience 35:634–639
Castro LR, Dowton M (2006) Molecular analyses of the Apocrita (Insecta: Hymenoptera) suggest
that the Chalcidoidea are sister to the diaprioid complex. Invert Syst 20:603–614
Cerretti P, O’Hara JE, Wood DM, Shima H, Inclan DJ, Stireman JO III (2014) Signal through the
noise? Phylogeny of the Tachinidae (Diptera) as inferred from morphological evidence. Syst
Entomol 39:335–353
Cerretti P, Stireman JO III, Pape T, O’Hara JE, Marinho MAT, Rognes K, Grimaldi DA (2017)
First fossil of an oestroid fly (Diptera: Calyptratae: Oestroidea) and the dating of oestroid
divergences. PLoS One 12(8):e0182108. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0182101
Chatzimanolis S, Grimaldi DA, Engel MS, Fraser NC (2012) Leehermania prorova, the earliest
staphyiniform beetle, from the Late Triassic of Virginia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Am Mus
Novit 3761:1–28
Chen J, Wang B, Engel MS, Wappler T, Jarzembowski EA, Zhang HC, Wang XL, Zheng XT,
Rust J (2014) Extreme adaptations for aquatic ectoparasitism in a Jurassic fly larva. eLife
2014(3):e02844. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.02844
Chen ZZ, Huang S, Chang Y, Wang YG, Shin CK, Ren D (2019) Neuroptera – lacewings. In: Ren
D, Shih CK, Gao TP, Wang YG, Yao YZ (eds) Rhythms of insect evolution from the Jurassic
and Cretaceous in Northern China. Wiley, Hoboken, NJ, pp 285–336
Chin K (2021) Gastrointestinal parasites of ancient non-human vertebrates: evidence from coprolites and other materials. In: De Baets K, Huntley JW (eds) The evolution and fossil record of
parasitism: Coevolution and paleoparasitological techniques. Topics in Geobiology 50
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution