503
Askew RR (1961) On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in
Britain. Trans Soc Br Entomol 14:237–268
Askew RR (1971) Parasitic insects. Heinemann, London
Azar D, Nel A (2012) Evolution of hematophagy in “non-biting midges” (Diptera: Chironomidae).
Terr Arth Rev 5:15–34
Azar D, Gèze R, Acra F (2010) Lebanese amber. In: Penney D (ed) Biodiversity of fossils in amber
from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK, pp 271–295
Bagheri M, Feiznia S, Arian M, Shabanian R, Mahari R (2013) Continental trace fossils in the
Semnan Area (northern Iran). Open J Geol 3:54–61
Bai M, Ahrens D, Yang XK, Ren D (2012) New fossil evidence of the early diversification of scarabs: Alloioscarabaeus cheni (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner
Mongolia, China. Insect Sci 19:159–171
Bailey PT (1989) The millipede parasitoid Pelidnoptera nigripennis (F.) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)
for the biological control of the millipede Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda: Julida:
Julidae) in Australia. Bull Entomol Res 79:381–391
Ballesteros M, Bardsen BJ, Langeland K, Fauchald P, Stein A, Tveraa T (2011) The effect of
warble flies on reindeer fitness: a parasite removal experiment. J Zool 287:34–40
Bänziger H (1968) Preliminary observations on a skin-piercing blood-sucking moth (Calyptra
eustrigata (Hmps.) (Lep., Noctuidae)) in Malaya. Bull Entomol Res 58:159–164, pls. IX–X
Bänziger H (1971) Bloodsucking moths of Malaya. Fauna 1:4–16
Bänziger H (1996) The proboscis of eye-frequenting and piercing Lepidoptera (Insecta).
Zoomorphology 116:77–83
Barling N, Heads SW, Martill DM (2013) A new parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil: the first Mesozoic Pteromalidae. Cretac
Res 45:258–264
Basibuyuk HH, Quicke DLJ, Rasnitsyn AP (2000) A new genus of Orussidae (Insecta:
Hymenoptera) from the Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber. In: Studies on fossils in amber,
with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys, Leiden, pp 305–311
Basibuyuk HH, Rasnitsyn AP, Fitton MG, Quicke DLJ (2002) The limits of the family Evaniidae
(Insecta: Hymenoptera) and a new genus from Lebanese amber. Insect Syst Evol 33:23–34
Batelka J, Prokop J, Engel MS (2016) New ripiphorid beetles in mid-Cretaceous amber from
Myanmar (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae): first Pelecotominae and possible Mesozoic aggregative
behaviour in male Ripidiinae. Cretac Res 68:70–78
Batelka J, Prokop J, Pohl H, Bai M, Zhang W, Beutel RG (2019) Highly specialized Cretaceous
beetle parasitoids (Ripiphoridae) identified with optimized visualization of microstructures.
Syst Entomol 44:396–407
Bedding RA (1965) Parasites of British terrestrial Isopoda. PhD dissertaion, Imperial College of
Science and Technology, London
Bell WJ, Roth LM, Nalepa CA (2007) Cockroaches: ecology, behavior, and natural history. Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Bennett DJ, Engel MS (2005) A primitive sapygid wasp in Burmese amber (Hymenoptera:
Sapygidae). Acta Zool Cracov 48B:1–9
Beutel RG, Zhang WW, Pohl J, Wappler T, Bai M (2016) A miniaturized beetle larva in Cretaceous
Burmese amber: reinterpretation of a fossil “strepsipteran triungulin”. Insect Syst Evol
47:83–91
Blagoderov V, Grimaldi DA, Fraser NC (2007) How time flies for flies: diverse Diptera from the
Triassic of Virginia and early radiation of the order. Am Mus Novit 3572:1–39
Blumberg D, Luck RF (1990) Differences in the rates of superparasitism between two strains of
Comperiella bifasciata (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing California Red Scale
(Homoptera: Diaspididae): an adaptation to circumvent encapsulation? Ann Entomol Soc Am
83:591–597
Bohart RM, Menke AS (1976) Sphecid wasps of the World, a generic revision. University of
California Press, Berkeley
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution
Askew RR (1961) On the biology of the inhabitants of oak galls of Cynipidae (Hymenoptera) in
Britain. Trans Soc Br Entomol 14:237–268
Askew RR (1971) Parasitic insects. Heinemann, London
Azar D, Nel A (2012) Evolution of hematophagy in “non-biting midges” (Diptera: Chironomidae).
Terr Arth Rev 5:15–34
Azar D, Gèze R, Acra F (2010) Lebanese amber. In: Penney D (ed) Biodiversity of fossils in amber
from the major world deposits. Siri Scientific Press, Manchester, UK, pp 271–295
Bagheri M, Feiznia S, Arian M, Shabanian R, Mahari R (2013) Continental trace fossils in the
Semnan Area (northern Iran). Open J Geol 3:54–61
Bai M, Ahrens D, Yang XK, Ren D (2012) New fossil evidence of the early diversification of scarabs: Alloioscarabaeus cheni (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) from the Middle Jurassic of Inner
Mongolia, China. Insect Sci 19:159–171
Bailey PT (1989) The millipede parasitoid Pelidnoptera nigripennis (F.) (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)
for the biological control of the millipede Ommatoiulus moreleti (Lucas) (Diplopoda: Julida:
Julidae) in Australia. Bull Entomol Res 79:381–391
Ballesteros M, Bardsen BJ, Langeland K, Fauchald P, Stein A, Tveraa T (2011) The effect of
warble flies on reindeer fitness: a parasite removal experiment. J Zool 287:34–40
Bänziger H (1968) Preliminary observations on a skin-piercing blood-sucking moth (Calyptra
eustrigata (Hmps.) (Lep., Noctuidae)) in Malaya. Bull Entomol Res 58:159–164, pls. IX–X
Bänziger H (1971) Bloodsucking moths of Malaya. Fauna 1:4–16
Bänziger H (1996) The proboscis of eye-frequenting and piercing Lepidoptera (Insecta).
Zoomorphology 116:77–83
Barling N, Heads SW, Martill DM (2013) A new parasitoid wasp (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
from the Lower Cretaceous Crato Formation of Brazil: the first Mesozoic Pteromalidae. Cretac
Res 45:258–264
Basibuyuk HH, Quicke DLJ, Rasnitsyn AP (2000) A new genus of Orussidae (Insecta:
Hymenoptera) from the Late Cretaceous New Jersey amber. In: Studies on fossils in amber,
with particular reference to the Cretaceous of New Jersey. Backhuys, Leiden, pp 305–311
Basibuyuk HH, Rasnitsyn AP, Fitton MG, Quicke DLJ (2002) The limits of the family Evaniidae
(Insecta: Hymenoptera) and a new genus from Lebanese amber. Insect Syst Evol 33:23–34
Batelka J, Prokop J, Engel MS (2016) New ripiphorid beetles in mid-Cretaceous amber from
Myanmar (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae): first Pelecotominae and possible Mesozoic aggregative
behaviour in male Ripidiinae. Cretac Res 68:70–78
Batelka J, Prokop J, Pohl H, Bai M, Zhang W, Beutel RG (2019) Highly specialized Cretaceous
beetle parasitoids (Ripiphoridae) identified with optimized visualization of microstructures.
Syst Entomol 44:396–407
Bedding RA (1965) Parasites of British terrestrial Isopoda. PhD dissertaion, Imperial College of
Science and Technology, London
Bell WJ, Roth LM, Nalepa CA (2007) Cockroaches: ecology, behavior, and natural history. Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore
Bennett DJ, Engel MS (2005) A primitive sapygid wasp in Burmese amber (Hymenoptera:
Sapygidae). Acta Zool Cracov 48B:1–9
Beutel RG, Zhang WW, Pohl J, Wappler T, Bai M (2016) A miniaturized beetle larva in Cretaceous
Burmese amber: reinterpretation of a fossil “strepsipteran triungulin”. Insect Syst Evol
47:83–91
Blagoderov V, Grimaldi DA, Fraser NC (2007) How time flies for flies: diverse Diptera from the
Triassic of Virginia and early radiation of the order. Am Mus Novit 3572:1–39
Blumberg D, Luck RF (1990) Differences in the rates of superparasitism between two strains of
Comperiella bifasciata (Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) parasitizing California Red Scale
(Homoptera: Diaspididae): an adaptation to circumvent encapsulation? Ann Entomol Soc Am
83:591–597
Bohart RM, Menke AS (1976) Sphecid wasps of the World, a generic revision. University of
California Press, Berkeley
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution