436
Table 11.1 (continued)
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Megaspilidae
Ectoparasitoid, hyperparasitoid Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha;
Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae,
Coniopterygidae; Mecoptera;
Diptera: Cecidomyiidae, Syrphidae,
Chloropidae, Chamaemyiidae,
Muscidae
Nymphs and
larvae of
parasitoids and
gallers
Cenomanian–
Recent
Whitfield (1998, 2003),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Zhang et al.
(2018a, b)
Radiophronidae
†
Ectoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae
i
Albian–
Campanian
Ortega-Blanco et al.
(2010), Zhang et al.
(2018a)
Stigmaphronidae
†
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Insect eggs and
larvae
i
Hauterivian–
Campanian
Rasnitsyn (1991b),
Whitfield (1998),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Ortega-Blanco
et al. (2011b)
Mymarommatoidea
Gallorommatidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Insect eggs
i
Barremian–
Santonian
Gibson et al. (2007)
Mymarommatidae
Endoparasitoid
i
—
Insect eggs
Cenomanian–
Recent
Yoshimoto (1975),
Huber (1986), Grimaldi
and Engel (2005a),
Engel and Grimaldi
(2007a), Heraty and
Darling (2009), Haas
et al. (2018), Zhang et al.
(2018c)
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li