430
Table 11.1 (continued)
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Myanmarinidae
†
Ectoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae of wood
borers
i
Cenomanian
Li et al. (2018b), Zhang
et al. (2018c)
Stephanidae
Ectoparasitoid
Coleoptera:
Buprestidae, Cerambycidae;
Hymenoptera: Siricidae
Larvae of wood
borers
Cenomanian–
Recent
Whitfield (2003), Li
et al. (2017b), Engel and
Huang (2017), Zhang
et al. (2018a)
“Ephialitoidea”
“Ephialtitidae”
†
Ectoparasitoid
i
Coleoptera
i
; Hymenoptera
i
Larvae of wood
borers
i
Toarcian–
Aptian
Zhang et al. (2002a),
Rasnitsyn et al. (2003),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a), Peñalver and
Engel (2006), Li et al.
(2013b, 2015b)
Megalyroidea
Megalyridae
Ectoparasitoid
Coleoptera: Cerambycidae
Larvae of wood
borers
Cenomanian–
Recent
Rasnitsyn (1975),
Whitfield (2003),
Grimaldi and
Engel 2005a; Perrichot
(2009), Zhang et al.
(2018a)
Trigonalyroidea
Trigonalidae
Endoparasitoid,
hyperparasitoid
Symphytan or lepidopteran
caterpillar; then Ichnneumonoidea or
Vespidae larva
Larvae of
externally
feeding
folivores
Aptian–Recent Weinstein and Austin
(1991), Whitfield (2003),
Nel et al. (2003), Poinar
Jr and Shaw (2007),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
C. C. Labandeira and L. Li