429
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Epipyropidae
Ectoparasitoid
Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha;
Lepidoptera
Nymphs, larvae
on plants
Recent
Askew (1971), Eggleton
and Belshaw (1992),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
Pyraloidea
Pyralidae
Ectoparasitoid
Lepidoptera: Saturniidae
Larvae of
externally
feeding
herbivore
Lutetian–Recent Askew (1971), Eggleton
and Belshaw (1992),
Sohn et al. (2012),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
HYMENOPTERA
Symphyta
Orussoidea
Orussidae
Ectoparasitoid
Coleoptera: Buprestidae;
Hymenoptera: Siricidae
Larvae of wood
borers
Turonian–
Recent
Basibuyuk et al. (2000),
Whitfield (2003),
Grimaldi and
Engel (2005a),
Vilhelmsen and
Zimmermann (2014)
Apocrita
Stephanoidea
Aptenoperissidae
†
Ectoparasitoid
i
—
Larvae of wood
borers
i
Cenomanian
Rasnitsyn et al. (2017),
Rasnitsyn and ÖhmKühnle (2018), Zhang
et al. (2018a)
(continued)
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution