423
Taxon
a
Parasitoid larval life-habit
b
Dominant larval hosts
c
Host stage of
larval parasitoid
attack
d
Geochronologic
range
e
References
f
Stylopidae
Endoparasitoid
Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Apoidea
Larvae
Lutetian–Recent Kinzelbach and Lutz
(1985), Pohl and
Kinzelbach (2001),
Kogan and Poinar Jr
(2010), Cook (2014)
Xenidae
Endoparasitoid
Hymenoptera: Vespoidea, Apoidea
Larvae
Lutetian–Recent Cook (2014), Engel et al.
(2016a)
DIPTERA
Culicomorpha
Chironomidae
Ectoparasitoid
Gastropoda: Pulmonata;
Ephemeroptera: Rithrogeniidae
Immature; naiad Norian–Recent Clausen (1940),
Krzeminski and
Jarzembowski (1999),
Grimaldi and Engel
(2005a)
Bibionomorpha
Cecidomyiidae
Endoparasitoid
Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha
Nymphs, adults Albian–Recent Clausen (1940), Arillo
and Nel (2000), Grimaldi
and Engel (2005a)
Mycetophilidae
Endoparasitoid
Platyhelminthes
Immatures,
adults
Cenomanian–
Recent
Hickman (1965),
Eggleton and Belshaw
(1992), Grimaldi and
Engel (2005a)
(continued)
11 The History of Insect Parasitism and the Mid-Mesozoic Parasitoid Revolution