398
A. Mishra
In summary, hydrophilic fullerene derivatives would be a promising family of
interfacial materials for highly efficient OSCs. Although the synthesis and purification of these fullerene derivatives somehow complicated and for their implementation
as efficient CIL efficient preparation methods need to be developed.
18.2.1.4 Organic Polymers as CIL
The use of water/alcohol soluble polymers as CIL was widely interpreted as interfacial dipole formation model (He et al. 2011b, 2012). These CILs can effectively
modify the WF of the metal cathode by forming interfacial dipole between the oganic:
metal interface, thus improve the electron injection and transport in the device (Duan
et al. 2013c; Hu et al. 2014; Tang et al. 2014). Various water soluble non-conjugated,
such as PEIE and PEI as cathode modifier and π-conjugated polymers such as PFN,
PFN-Br and others have effectively implemented as CILs in various OSC devices
(He et al. 2011a, 2012; Zhou et al. 2012a; Kang et al. 2012). The conjugated chain
improve the delocalization of electrons and the polar pendant groups makes them
process from polar water/alcohol, thus does not affects the active layer processed
from complementary organic solvents (Duan et al. 2013c). The shift of the vacuum
level by interfacial dipoles could increase the V bi of the device and thus increases the
V OC . Depending on the types of interfacial materials the work function of ITO can be
reduced by 0.3−0.6 eV. The increased V bi does not alter the energetics of the active
layer and therefore improvement in all photovoltaic parameters can be expected. The
photovoltaic data are presented in Table 18.3.
Shao et al. used a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-modified ZnO composite as an
ETL (Shao et al. 2013). The surface modification using 0.05% of PEO effectively
passivate the surface trap state in ZnO, thus suppressed the recombination losses,
reduced series resistance, thus enhanced the PCE to 5.64 and 6.59% for TQ1:PC 71 BM
and PCDTBT:PC 71 BM, respectively. Using polyallylamine (PAA) as polyelectrolyte
A. Mishra
In summary, hydrophilic fullerene derivatives would be a promising family of
interfacial materials for highly efficient OSCs. Although the synthesis and purification of these fullerene derivatives somehow complicated and for their implementation
as efficient CIL efficient preparation methods need to be developed.
18.2.1.4 Organic Polymers as CIL
The use of water/alcohol soluble polymers as CIL was widely interpreted as interfacial dipole formation model (He et al. 2011b, 2012). These CILs can effectively
modify the WF of the metal cathode by forming interfacial dipole between the oganic:
metal interface, thus improve the electron injection and transport in the device (Duan
et al. 2013c; Hu et al. 2014; Tang et al. 2014). Various water soluble non-conjugated,
such as PEIE and PEI as cathode modifier and π-conjugated polymers such as PFN,
PFN-Br and others have effectively implemented as CILs in various OSC devices
(He et al. 2011a, 2012; Zhou et al. 2012a; Kang et al. 2012). The conjugated chain
improve the delocalization of electrons and the polar pendant groups makes them
process from polar water/alcohol, thus does not affects the active layer processed
from complementary organic solvents (Duan et al. 2013c). The shift of the vacuum
level by interfacial dipoles could increase the V bi of the device and thus increases the
V OC . Depending on the types of interfacial materials the work function of ITO can be
reduced by 0.3−0.6 eV. The increased V bi does not alter the energetics of the active
layer and therefore improvement in all photovoltaic parameters can be expected. The
photovoltaic data are presented in Table 18.3.
Shao et al. used a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-modified ZnO composite as an
ETL (Shao et al. 2013). The surface modification using 0.05% of PEO effectively
passivate the surface trap state in ZnO, thus suppressed the recombination losses,
reduced series resistance, thus enhanced the PCE to 5.64 and 6.59% for TQ1:PC 71 BM
and PCDTBT:PC 71 BM, respectively. Using polyallylamine (PAA) as polyelectrolyte