15 Yet to Be Challenged: TiO 2 as the Photo-Anode Material …
289
Fig. 15.3 Characteristic current-voltage and power-voltage curves of DSCs
by increasing the IPCE value using panchromatic dyes which can absorb incident
light at a broader wavelength range.
Fill factor (FF), the ratio between maximum power the array can provide under
normal conditions, and the product of V OC and J SC . The FF is related to the electron
transfer and the internal resistance of the DSC, and can be optimized by minimizing
the internal series resistance.
Fill Factor(FF) =
V max × J max
V oc × J sc
Efficiency (η), which is the ratio between the maximum electric power that the array
can produce compared to the amount of solar irradiance incident hitting the array.
Efficiency (η) =
V max × J max
Pin
These parameters can be extracted from typical current-voltage (J–V) plots, as
shown in Fig. 15.3.
15.1.2 Modifications to TiO 2
Throughout years of development, many modifications to TiO 2 have been carried out
to increase the overall efficiency of DSCs through the enhancement of light harvesting efficiency, enhancing charge collection efficiency, and photogenerated charge
transport efficiency (Kim et al. 2008). This chapter categorizes these modifications
into three categories,
289
Fig. 15.3 Characteristic current-voltage and power-voltage curves of DSCs
by increasing the IPCE value using panchromatic dyes which can absorb incident
light at a broader wavelength range.
Fill factor (FF), the ratio between maximum power the array can provide under
normal conditions, and the product of V OC and J SC . The FF is related to the electron
transfer and the internal resistance of the DSC, and can be optimized by minimizing
the internal series resistance.
Fill Factor(FF) =
V max × J max
V oc × J sc
Efficiency (η), which is the ratio between the maximum electric power that the array
can produce compared to the amount of solar irradiance incident hitting the array.
Efficiency (η) =
V max × J max
Pin
These parameters can be extracted from typical current-voltage (J–V) plots, as
shown in Fig. 15.3.
15.1.2 Modifications to TiO 2
Throughout years of development, many modifications to TiO 2 have been carried out
to increase the overall efficiency of DSCs through the enhancement of light harvesting efficiency, enhancing charge collection efficiency, and photogenerated charge
transport efficiency (Kim et al. 2008). This chapter categorizes these modifications
into three categories,