9 TEWI Assessment of Conventional and Solar Powered Cooling Systems
173
Contrarily, replacing R134a with R410A for medium temperature applications
gives a huge hike in TEWI, which is about 30%. However, TEWI could be decreased
by about 25% by deploying R410A in exchange for R404A for low temperature
applications.
Most of the adsorption cooling systems are using natural refrigerants. However,
conventional refrigerants such as R32 and R134a have higher adsorption capacity,
which could lead to develop an efficient adsorption cooling system (Saha et al. 2012;
Askalany and Saha 2015). In that case, there would be direct warming impact from
the adsorption cooling system. Since currently available systems only use natural
refrigerants, the direct emission is considered to be zero.
References
Abas N, Kalair AR, Khan N, Haider A, Saleem Z, Saleem MS (2018) Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 90:557–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.rser.2018.03.099
Adsorption Chiller: Adref-Noa; Friendly to mankind and to the earth (2019). Mayewaka-Mycom;
Mayekawa Mfg. Ltd. http://www.mayekawa.co.id/pic/AdRef-Noa—English-828.pdf. Accessed
24 Apr 2019
Ahamed JU, Saidur R, Masjuki HH (2010) A review on exergy analysis of vapor compression
refrigeration system. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:1593–1600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2010.11.039
Al Mers A, Azzabakh A, Mimet A, El Kalkha H (2006) Optimal design study of cylindrical finned
reactor for solar adsorption cooling machine working with activated carbon–ammonia pair. Appl
Therm Eng 26:1866–1875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.01.021
Alahmer A, Wang X, Al-Rbaihat R, Amanul Alam KC, Saha BB (2016) Performance evaluation of
a solar adsorption chiller under different climatic conditions. Appl Energy 175:293–304. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.041
Arora RC (2010) Refrigeration and air conditioning, 1st edn. PHI Learning Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi
Askalany AA, Saha BB (2015) Experimental and theoretical study of adsorption kinetics of Difluoromethane onto activated carbons. Int J Refrig 49:160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.
2014.10.009
Askalany AA, Salem M, Ismael IM, Ali AHH, Morsy MG, Saha BB (2013) An overview on
adsorption pairs for cooling. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 19:565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2012.11.037
Attalla M, Sadek S, Salem Ahmed M, Shafie IM, Hassan M (2018) Experimental study of solar
powered ice maker using adsorption pair of activated carbon and methanol. Appl Therm Eng
141:877–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.038
Bassols-Rheinfelder J (1985) Solar cooling using an open-cycle adsorption system with adiabatical
mass transfer and external heat exchange. Sol Energy 35:93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(85)90040-4
Bolaji BO, Huan Z (2013) Ozone depletion and global warming: case for the use of natural refrigerant—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 18:49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.008
Bose B (2010) Global warming: energy, environmental pollution, and the impact of power electronics. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 4:6–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2010.935860
Buonomano A, Calise F, Palombo A (2018) Solar heating and cooling systems by absorption and
adsorption chillers driven by stationary and concentrating photovoltaic/thermal solar collectors:
Modelling and simulation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 81:1112–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2017.07.056
173
Contrarily, replacing R134a with R410A for medium temperature applications
gives a huge hike in TEWI, which is about 30%. However, TEWI could be decreased
by about 25% by deploying R410A in exchange for R404A for low temperature
applications.
Most of the adsorption cooling systems are using natural refrigerants. However,
conventional refrigerants such as R32 and R134a have higher adsorption capacity,
which could lead to develop an efficient adsorption cooling system (Saha et al. 2012;
Askalany and Saha 2015). In that case, there would be direct warming impact from
the adsorption cooling system. Since currently available systems only use natural
refrigerants, the direct emission is considered to be zero.
References
Abas N, Kalair AR, Khan N, Haider A, Saleem Z, Saleem MS (2018) Natural and synthetic refrigerants, global warming: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 90:557–569. https://doi.org/10.1016/
j.rser.2018.03.099
Adsorption Chiller: Adref-Noa; Friendly to mankind and to the earth (2019). Mayewaka-Mycom;
Mayekawa Mfg. Ltd. http://www.mayekawa.co.id/pic/AdRef-Noa—English-828.pdf. Accessed
24 Apr 2019
Ahamed JU, Saidur R, Masjuki HH (2010) A review on exergy analysis of vapor compression
refrigeration system. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 15:1593–1600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.
2010.11.039
Al Mers A, Azzabakh A, Mimet A, El Kalkha H (2006) Optimal design study of cylindrical finned
reactor for solar adsorption cooling machine working with activated carbon–ammonia pair. Appl
Therm Eng 26:1866–1875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.01.021
Alahmer A, Wang X, Al-Rbaihat R, Amanul Alam KC, Saha BB (2016) Performance evaluation of
a solar adsorption chiller under different climatic conditions. Appl Energy 175:293–304. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.05.041
Arora RC (2010) Refrigeration and air conditioning, 1st edn. PHI Learning Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi
Askalany AA, Saha BB (2015) Experimental and theoretical study of adsorption kinetics of Difluoromethane onto activated carbons. Int J Refrig 49:160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.
2014.10.009
Askalany AA, Salem M, Ismael IM, Ali AHH, Morsy MG, Saha BB (2013) An overview on
adsorption pairs for cooling. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 19:565–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2012.11.037
Attalla M, Sadek S, Salem Ahmed M, Shafie IM, Hassan M (2018) Experimental study of solar
powered ice maker using adsorption pair of activated carbon and methanol. Appl Therm Eng
141:877–886. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.06.038
Bassols-Rheinfelder J (1985) Solar cooling using an open-cycle adsorption system with adiabatical
mass transfer and external heat exchange. Sol Energy 35:93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038092X(85)90040-4
Bolaji BO, Huan Z (2013) Ozone depletion and global warming: case for the use of natural refrigerant—a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 18:49–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.10.008
Bose B (2010) Global warming: energy, environmental pollution, and the impact of power electronics. IEEE Ind Electron Mag 4:6–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIE.2010.935860
Buonomano A, Calise F, Palombo A (2018) Solar heating and cooling systems by absorption and
adsorption chillers driven by stationary and concentrating photovoltaic/thermal solar collectors:
Modelling and simulation. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 81:1112–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
rser.2017.07.056