seen an increase of 0.6% per year. It reflects an increased pressure on groundwater
for irrigational purposes. Among the states, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat have relatively
more area irrigated by surface bodies than by the groundwater. A much higher
dependence on groundwater in other states can largely be attributed to subsidised
electricity and diesel, along with a considerable time lag and excessive cost of
completion of canal networks.
The scenario also indicates that the year-on-year sizeable investments being
incurred on major–medium irrigation systems as well as generation and distribution
of rural energy have not resulted in a commensurate increase in irrigation intensity,
which in some ways reflective of inefficiency in public investments. As shown in
Table 6 Agricultural orientation index (AOI) of public spending on agriculture and irrigation
States
TE 1983–84
TE 1993–94
TE 2003–04
TE 2012–13
TE 2015–16
Andhra Pradesh
0.46
0.51
0.49
0.90
0.85
Assam
0.55
0.40
0.26
0.37
0.38
Bihar
0.28
0.19
0.17
0.29
0.30
Gujarat
0.76
0.80
0.76
0.69
0.90
Haryana
0.51
0.44
0.34
0.52
0.34
Himachal Pradesh
0.57
0.54
0.41
0.54
0.57
Jammu and Kashmir
0.58
0.46
0.39
0.47
0.47
Karnataka
0.65
0.65
0.84
1.01
1.49
Kerala
0.44
0.45
0.35
0.52
0.63
Madhya Pradesh
0.75
0.54
0.48
0.56
0.44
Maharashtra
1.43
1.43
1.30
1.12
1.15
Odisha
0.54
0.50
0.41
0.79
0.73
Punjab
0.40
0.28
0.17
0.22
0.43
Rajasthan
0.52
0.46
0.36
0.30
0.25
Tamil Nadu
0.59
0.73
0.67
0.50
0.64
Uttar Pradesh
0.50
0.38
0.31
0.23
0.27
West Bengal
0.43
0.33
0.19
0.18
0.18
Chhattisgarh
–
–
0.63
0.78
1.26
Jharkhand
–
–
0.53
0.40
0.41
Uttarakhand
–
–
0.58
0.86
0.95
Bihar-Jharkhand
0.28
0.19
0.25
0.32
0.33
Madhya
Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
0.75
0.54
0.53
0.61
0.60
Uttar
Pradesh-Uttarakhand
0.50
0.38
0.33
0.27
0.31
All 20 states
0.60
0.52
0.48
0.54
0.59
Note AOI = Share of public expenditure in agriculture and irrigation in total public expenditure/share of GSDPA/
GDP. Irrigation expenditure excludes flood control
Source Based on Finance Accounts and NAS (GoI)
Estimating Efficiency of Public Investment in Irrigation ...
57
for irrigational purposes. Among the states, Jammu and Kashmir, Assam,
Chhattisgarh, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, and Gujarat have relatively
more area irrigated by surface bodies than by the groundwater. A much higher
dependence on groundwater in other states can largely be attributed to subsidised
electricity and diesel, along with a considerable time lag and excessive cost of
completion of canal networks.
The scenario also indicates that the year-on-year sizeable investments being
incurred on major–medium irrigation systems as well as generation and distribution
of rural energy have not resulted in a commensurate increase in irrigation intensity,
which in some ways reflective of inefficiency in public investments. As shown in
Table 6 Agricultural orientation index (AOI) of public spending on agriculture and irrigation
States
TE 1983–84
TE 1993–94
TE 2003–04
TE 2012–13
TE 2015–16
Andhra Pradesh
0.46
0.51
0.49
0.90
0.85
Assam
0.55
0.40
0.26
0.37
0.38
Bihar
0.28
0.19
0.17
0.29
0.30
Gujarat
0.76
0.80
0.76
0.69
0.90
Haryana
0.51
0.44
0.34
0.52
0.34
Himachal Pradesh
0.57
0.54
0.41
0.54
0.57
Jammu and Kashmir
0.58
0.46
0.39
0.47
0.47
Karnataka
0.65
0.65
0.84
1.01
1.49
Kerala
0.44
0.45
0.35
0.52
0.63
Madhya Pradesh
0.75
0.54
0.48
0.56
0.44
Maharashtra
1.43
1.43
1.30
1.12
1.15
Odisha
0.54
0.50
0.41
0.79
0.73
Punjab
0.40
0.28
0.17
0.22
0.43
Rajasthan
0.52
0.46
0.36
0.30
0.25
Tamil Nadu
0.59
0.73
0.67
0.50
0.64
Uttar Pradesh
0.50
0.38
0.31
0.23
0.27
West Bengal
0.43
0.33
0.19
0.18
0.18
Chhattisgarh
–
–
0.63
0.78
1.26
Jharkhand
–
–
0.53
0.40
0.41
Uttarakhand
–
–
0.58
0.86
0.95
Bihar-Jharkhand
0.28
0.19
0.25
0.32
0.33
Madhya
Pradesh-Chhattisgarh
0.75
0.54
0.53
0.61
0.60
Uttar
Pradesh-Uttarakhand
0.50
0.38
0.33
0.27
0.31
All 20 states
0.60
0.52
0.48
0.54
0.59
Note AOI = Share of public expenditure in agriculture and irrigation in total public expenditure/share of GSDPA/
GDP. Irrigation expenditure excludes flood control
Source Based on Finance Accounts and NAS (GoI)
Estimating Efficiency of Public Investment in Irrigation ...
57