in TE 1983–84 to Rs. 19,299 in TE 2015–16. The southern states have much higher
investments in irrigation compared to the northern states. Clearly, the developed
states spent more which is obvious due to higher economic growth in these states
and hence better spending power. Each state had invested in irrigation during 1980s
which significantly fell down in subsequent decades and somewhat recovered
during the 2000s. The lagging states where per ha investment continues to be low
include Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, and West Bengal. It is obvious that investments are much higher in major–
medium irrigation systems (Rs. 14,665/ha) compared to minor irrigation (Rs. 4251/
ha), except in Assam and other hilly areas where possibility of large dams is remote.
Further, asset formation is negligible under the command area development category of irrigation expenditure.
Table 1 Annual rate of growth in public investment during 1981–82 to 2015–16
States
Public investment (agriculture, irrigation, and flood control)
1981–82 to
1990–91
1991–92 to
2000–01
2001–02 to
2015–16
1981–82 to
2015–16
Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana
2.08
1.30
10.49
7.74
Assam
−0.10
−1.16
15.86
1.26
Bihar and Jharkhand
−0.12
5.67
7.19
1.37
Bihar
−0.12
4.96
8.90
0.11
Gujarat
1.43
9.64
12.54
6.48
Haryana
−8.79
19.84
0.01
0.01
Himachal Pradesh
5.22
4.81
7.33
4.95
Jammu and Kashmir
−3.83
–
13.50
–
Karnataka
1.83
2.42
4.24
6.72
Kerala
−4.31
−0.45
6.19
−0.06
Madhya Pradesh
1.04
−6.73
8.91
2.74
Maharashtra
3.41
2.74
4.17
5.98
Madhya Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh
1.04
−6.06
8.32
4.21
Odisha
−1.57
5.51
9.68
2.43
Punjab
–
–
–
–
Rajasthan
0.95
0.78
0.57
1.30
Tamil Nadu
−2.01
10.16
8.66
6.16
Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand
0.43
13.12
4.65
3.69
Uttar Pradesh
0.43
13.06
3.23
3.02
West Bengal
3.19
2.82
15.57
4.82
All states
0.40
4.51
6.98
4.80
Note ‘−’ not estimated due to negative entries under capital expenditure
Source Based on Finance Accounts (GoI)
Estimating Efficiency of Public Investment in Irrigation ...
49
investments in irrigation compared to the northern states. Clearly, the developed
states spent more which is obvious due to higher economic growth in these states
and hence better spending power. Each state had invested in irrigation during 1980s
which significantly fell down in subsequent decades and somewhat recovered
during the 2000s. The lagging states where per ha investment continues to be low
include Rajasthan, Assam, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar
Pradesh, and West Bengal. It is obvious that investments are much higher in major–
medium irrigation systems (Rs. 14,665/ha) compared to minor irrigation (Rs. 4251/
ha), except in Assam and other hilly areas where possibility of large dams is remote.
Further, asset formation is negligible under the command area development category of irrigation expenditure.
Table 1 Annual rate of growth in public investment during 1981–82 to 2015–16
States
Public investment (agriculture, irrigation, and flood control)
1981–82 to
1990–91
1991–92 to
2000–01
2001–02 to
2015–16
1981–82 to
2015–16
Andhra Pradesh and
Telangana
2.08
1.30
10.49
7.74
Assam
−0.10
−1.16
15.86
1.26
Bihar and Jharkhand
−0.12
5.67
7.19
1.37
Bihar
−0.12
4.96
8.90
0.11
Gujarat
1.43
9.64
12.54
6.48
Haryana
−8.79
19.84
0.01
0.01
Himachal Pradesh
5.22
4.81
7.33
4.95
Jammu and Kashmir
−3.83
–
13.50
–
Karnataka
1.83
2.42
4.24
6.72
Kerala
−4.31
−0.45
6.19
−0.06
Madhya Pradesh
1.04
−6.73
8.91
2.74
Maharashtra
3.41
2.74
4.17
5.98
Madhya Pradesh and
Chhattisgarh
1.04
−6.06
8.32
4.21
Odisha
−1.57
5.51
9.68
2.43
Punjab
–
–
–
–
Rajasthan
0.95
0.78
0.57
1.30
Tamil Nadu
−2.01
10.16
8.66
6.16
Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand
0.43
13.12
4.65
3.69
Uttar Pradesh
0.43
13.06
3.23
3.02
West Bengal
3.19
2.82
15.57
4.82
All states
0.40
4.51
6.98
4.80
Note ‘−’ not estimated due to negative entries under capital expenditure
Source Based on Finance Accounts (GoI)
Estimating Efficiency of Public Investment in Irrigation ...
49