(2) the Consultant – the organisation acting on behalf of the Client.
(3) the Client – the organisation which has borrowed money and wants to reap the
project benefits on time.
(4) the Funding Agency – the organisation which has lent the money and wants to
see that the money is well spent.
From the Client’s point of view, the implementation stage started well before – at
the time studies started and finance was sought to pay for feasibility studies and
so on.
22.4.5 Evaluation
When a project is completed and possibly operational, it is desirable to undertake an
evaluation study (also called ex post facto, post implementation audit) to confirm
whether the goals of the project have, in fact, been attained.
It is necessary to emphasise that the aim is not to pinpoint at culprits for what
might have gone wrong, but rather to assess what went wrong and why: lessons
learnt while moving through the project implementation may prove to be very
helpful when some other similar project is being planned.
In order to obtain a complete evaluation of the strong and weak points of the
project, it might be necessary to ask independent assessors to carry out audits in the
field and to meet and converse with both project contributors and beneficiaries. This
may result in proposals for project expansion in a second or subsequent project
phase.
Some funding agencies such as the World Bank routinely need an ex post
evaluation of all projects that they have funded. However, very few developing
countries have developed a proper methodology for assessing project outcomes.
There are two main reasons: (1) the fear that a culprit will be pinpointed at, rather
than to learn the lessons, (2) lack of resources – as soon as one project is finished, it is
already high time to start on another project, which is supposedly late, or urgent.
22.5 Project or No Project
The general idea behind a project is to improve some parameter: something to bring
in more benefits to the stakeholders.
At one stage, the project (and its benefits) does not exist. We call this the without
project state. Then the project is implemented and its effects start being felt. This is
the with project state. If we compare the two states, we may see the advantage that
the project has brought over, compared to the original state of affairs.
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22 Infrastructure Implementation
(3) the Client – the organisation which has borrowed money and wants to reap the
project benefits on time.
(4) the Funding Agency – the organisation which has lent the money and wants to
see that the money is well spent.
From the Client’s point of view, the implementation stage started well before – at
the time studies started and finance was sought to pay for feasibility studies and
so on.
22.4.5 Evaluation
When a project is completed and possibly operational, it is desirable to undertake an
evaluation study (also called ex post facto, post implementation audit) to confirm
whether the goals of the project have, in fact, been attained.
It is necessary to emphasise that the aim is not to pinpoint at culprits for what
might have gone wrong, but rather to assess what went wrong and why: lessons
learnt while moving through the project implementation may prove to be very
helpful when some other similar project is being planned.
In order to obtain a complete evaluation of the strong and weak points of the
project, it might be necessary to ask independent assessors to carry out audits in the
field and to meet and converse with both project contributors and beneficiaries. This
may result in proposals for project expansion in a second or subsequent project
phase.
Some funding agencies such as the World Bank routinely need an ex post
evaluation of all projects that they have funded. However, very few developing
countries have developed a proper methodology for assessing project outcomes.
There are two main reasons: (1) the fear that a culprit will be pinpointed at, rather
than to learn the lessons, (2) lack of resources – as soon as one project is finished, it is
already high time to start on another project, which is supposedly late, or urgent.
22.5 Project or No Project
The general idea behind a project is to improve some parameter: something to bring
in more benefits to the stakeholders.
At one stage, the project (and its benefits) does not exist. We call this the without
project state. Then the project is implemented and its effects start being felt. This is
the with project state. If we compare the two states, we may see the advantage that
the project has brought over, compared to the original state of affairs.
632
22 Infrastructure Implementation