3 Solar Cells: Basics
71
have a relative advantage during mornings and evenings on sunny days, whereas
CdTe modules have a relative advantage on cloudy days and in the vicinity of
snow and large water surfaces.
2. In indoor applications, we often have, especially if fluorescent bulbs or light
emitting diodes (LEDs) are used to illuminate the room, a spectrum with a larger
blue content than the solar spectrum. This effect, together with the variation of
efficiency with illumination level, explained in Sect. 3.5.3, underlines the decisive
advantage of amorphous silicon solar cells for indoor applications.
References
1. R. Williams, Becquerel photovoltaic effect in binary compounds. J. Chem. Phys. 32(5), 1505–
1514 (1960)
2. E. Becquerel, Mémoire sur les effets électriques produits sous l’influence des rayons solaires.
Comptes Rendus 9, 561–567 (1839)
3. A. Einstein, Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen
Gesichtspunkt. Ann. Phys. 17(6), 132–148 (1905)
4. A. Shah (ed.), Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells (EPFL Press, Lausanne, 2010)
5. B.G. Streetman, S. Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th edn. (Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 1982)
6. S. Kasap, P. Capper (eds.), Springer Handbook of Electronic and Photonic Materials (Springer,
New York, 2006), pp. 54, 327
7. Ioffe database, http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/
8. A.V. Shah, A.N. Tiwari (eds.), Thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
119 (2013)
9. P.W. Baumeister, Optical absorption of cuprous oxide. Phys. Rev. 121(2), 359 (1961)
10. K. Ellmer, H. Tributsch, Iron disulfide (pyrite) as photovoltaic material: problems and opportunities, in Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion (QUANTSOL
2000)
11. A. Shah, J. Meier, A. Buechel, U. Kroll, J. Steinhauser, F. Meillaud, H. Schade, D. Dominé,
Towards very low-cost mass production of thin-film silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar modules
on glass. Thin Solid Films 502, 292–299 (2006)
12. M.A. Green, Solar Cells, Operating Principles, Technology and System Applications (Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 1982)
13. H.J. Möller, Semiconductors for Solar Cells (Artech House, Norwood, Massachusetts, 1993)
14. J. Merten, Photovoltaics with amorphous silicon: aspects of technology, physics and application, Ph.D. thesis, University of Barcelona (1996)
15. J. Merten, J.M. Asensi, C. Voz, A. Shah, R. Platz, J. Andreu, Improved equivalent circuit and
analytical model for amorphous silicon solar cells and modules. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
45, 423–429 (1998)
16. J. Merten, J. Coignus, G. Razongles, D. Muñoz, Novel equivalent circuit for heterojunction cells
and diagnostic method based on variable illumination measurements (VIM), in Proceedings of
the 27th European Photovoltaic Conference (2012), pp. 1268–1271
17. M.A. Green, E.D. Dunlop, D.H. Levi, J. Hohl-Ebinger, M. Yoshita, A.W.Y. Ho-Baillie, Solar
cell efficiency tables (Version 54). Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 27, 565–575 (2019)
18. W. Shockley, H.J. Queisser, Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J.
Appl. Phys. 32, 510–519 (1961)
19. H. Kiess, W. Rehwald, On the ultimate efficiency of solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
38, 45–55 (1995)
71
have a relative advantage during mornings and evenings on sunny days, whereas
CdTe modules have a relative advantage on cloudy days and in the vicinity of
snow and large water surfaces.
2. In indoor applications, we often have, especially if fluorescent bulbs or light
emitting diodes (LEDs) are used to illuminate the room, a spectrum with a larger
blue content than the solar spectrum. This effect, together with the variation of
efficiency with illumination level, explained in Sect. 3.5.3, underlines the decisive
advantage of amorphous silicon solar cells for indoor applications.
References
1. R. Williams, Becquerel photovoltaic effect in binary compounds. J. Chem. Phys. 32(5), 1505–
1514 (1960)
2. E. Becquerel, Mémoire sur les effets électriques produits sous l’influence des rayons solaires.
Comptes Rendus 9, 561–567 (1839)
3. A. Einstein, Über einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen
Gesichtspunkt. Ann. Phys. 17(6), 132–148 (1905)
4. A. Shah (ed.), Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells (EPFL Press, Lausanne, 2010)
5. B.G. Streetman, S. Banerjee, Solid State Electronic Devices, 5th edn. (Prentice Hall, New
Jersey, 1982)
6. S. Kasap, P. Capper (eds.), Springer Handbook of Electronic and Photonic Materials (Springer,
New York, 2006), pp. 54, 327
7. Ioffe database, http://www.ioffe.ru/SVA/NSM/Semicond/
8. A.V. Shah, A.N. Tiwari (eds.), Thin-film photovoltaic solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
119 (2013)
9. P.W. Baumeister, Optical absorption of cuprous oxide. Phys. Rev. 121(2), 359 (1961)
10. K. Ellmer, H. Tributsch, Iron disulfide (pyrite) as photovoltaic material: problems and opportunities, in Proceedings of the 12th Workshop on Quantum Solar Energy Conversion (QUANTSOL
2000)
11. A. Shah, J. Meier, A. Buechel, U. Kroll, J. Steinhauser, F. Meillaud, H. Schade, D. Dominé,
Towards very low-cost mass production of thin-film silicon photovoltaic (PV) solar modules
on glass. Thin Solid Films 502, 292–299 (2006)
12. M.A. Green, Solar Cells, Operating Principles, Technology and System Applications (Prentice
Hall, New Jersey, 1982)
13. H.J. Möller, Semiconductors for Solar Cells (Artech House, Norwood, Massachusetts, 1993)
14. J. Merten, Photovoltaics with amorphous silicon: aspects of technology, physics and application, Ph.D. thesis, University of Barcelona (1996)
15. J. Merten, J.M. Asensi, C. Voz, A. Shah, R. Platz, J. Andreu, Improved equivalent circuit and
analytical model for amorphous silicon solar cells and modules. IEEE Trans. Electron Devices
45, 423–429 (1998)
16. J. Merten, J. Coignus, G. Razongles, D. Muñoz, Novel equivalent circuit for heterojunction cells
and diagnostic method based on variable illumination measurements (VIM), in Proceedings of
the 27th European Photovoltaic Conference (2012), pp. 1268–1271
17. M.A. Green, E.D. Dunlop, D.H. Levi, J. Hohl-Ebinger, M. Yoshita, A.W.Y. Ho-Baillie, Solar
cell efficiency tables (Version 54). Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 27, 565–575 (2019)
18. W. Shockley, H.J. Queisser, Detailed balance limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells. J.
Appl. Phys. 32, 510–519 (1961)
19. H. Kiess, W. Rehwald, On the ultimate efficiency of solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells
38, 45–55 (1995)