4 Solar Cells: Optical and Recombination Losses
95
R surf-h = S h n h
(4.26)
As an example: the surface recombination velocities are about 200–600 cm s
−1
for standard solar cells and about 60–80 cm s
−1 for PERC cells (see Chap. 5).
In n-type bulk material holes are the minority carriers, but at the surface electrons
are the minority carriers because of the formation of the pn-junction. The surface
recombination velocity for electrons S e can be calculated similarly as in (4.25) and
(4.26).
References
1. P. Würfel, Physik der Solarzellen, in Spektrum akademischer Verlag, 2. Auflage (Spektrum
Hochschultaschenbuch, 2000). ISBN 3-8274-0598-X
2. E. Hecht, A. Zajac, Optics, 4. Auflage (Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam, 2003). ISBN
0-321-18878-0, S. 402
3. H.-P. Sperlich, Meyer Burger Technologie AG, Analyse 2014, anlässlich einer Studie zusammen
mit der Westsächsischen Hochschule Zwickau
4. T. Marvart, L. Castaner, Solar Cells: Materials, Manufacture and Operation (Elsevier, 2005).
ISBN 1856174573
5. W. Shockley, W.T. Read, Phys. Rev. 87, 835 (1952); R.N. Hall, Phys. Rev. 83, 228 (1951)
6. K. Lauer, Untersuchungen zur Ladungsträgerlebensdauer in kristallinem Silizium für
Solarzellen (Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2005)
7. S. Werner, E. Lohmüller, S. Maier, S. Mourad, A. Wolf, Challenges for lowly-doped phosphorous
emitters in silicon solar cells with screen-printed silver contacts, in 7th International Conference
on Silicon Photovoltaics, Silicon PV 2017. Energy Procedia 124, 936–946 (2017)
Sylvère Leu was from 2008 to 2017 with the Meyer Burger
Group, where he became a member of the executive board, as
Chief Innovation Officer and Technology Officer (CIO/CTO).
Since his retirement in 2017, he is active as technology consultant, for the Meyer Burger Group. Sylvère graduated from
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ). He
additionally obtained a Master’s Degree in Business Administration at the University of St. Gallen (HSG). As a Swiss pioneer, Sylvère Leu started to work in photovoltaics 30 years ago.
He constructed an industrially relevant laminator and sun simulator in his own company. Beside his job he worked as an
associate lecturer at University of St. Gallen (HSG), for several
years, in the field of industrial production. At the end of 2005
he was charged with building up an integrated 250 MW p photovoltaic facility, including wafer, cell and module manufacturing,
in Germany.
95
R surf-h = S h n h
(4.26)
As an example: the surface recombination velocities are about 200–600 cm s
−1
for standard solar cells and about 60–80 cm s
−1 for PERC cells (see Chap. 5).
In n-type bulk material holes are the minority carriers, but at the surface electrons
are the minority carriers because of the formation of the pn-junction. The surface
recombination velocity for electrons S e can be calculated similarly as in (4.25) and
(4.26).
References
1. P. Würfel, Physik der Solarzellen, in Spektrum akademischer Verlag, 2. Auflage (Spektrum
Hochschultaschenbuch, 2000). ISBN 3-8274-0598-X
2. E. Hecht, A. Zajac, Optics, 4. Auflage (Addison-Wesley Longman, Amsterdam, 2003). ISBN
0-321-18878-0, S. 402
3. H.-P. Sperlich, Meyer Burger Technologie AG, Analyse 2014, anlässlich einer Studie zusammen
mit der Westsächsischen Hochschule Zwickau
4. T. Marvart, L. Castaner, Solar Cells: Materials, Manufacture and Operation (Elsevier, 2005).
ISBN 1856174573
5. W. Shockley, W.T. Read, Phys. Rev. 87, 835 (1952); R.N. Hall, Phys. Rev. 83, 228 (1951)
6. K. Lauer, Untersuchungen zur Ladungsträgerlebensdauer in kristallinem Silizium für
Solarzellen (Universitätsverlag Ilmenau, 2005)
7. S. Werner, E. Lohmüller, S. Maier, S. Mourad, A. Wolf, Challenges for lowly-doped phosphorous
emitters in silicon solar cells with screen-printed silver contacts, in 7th International Conference
on Silicon Photovoltaics, Silicon PV 2017. Energy Procedia 124, 936–946 (2017)
Sylvère Leu was from 2008 to 2017 with the Meyer Burger
Group, where he became a member of the executive board, as
Chief Innovation Officer and Technology Officer (CIO/CTO).
Since his retirement in 2017, he is active as technology consultant, for the Meyer Burger Group. Sylvère graduated from
the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETHZ). He
additionally obtained a Master’s Degree in Business Administration at the University of St. Gallen (HSG). As a Swiss pioneer, Sylvère Leu started to work in photovoltaics 30 years ago.
He constructed an industrially relevant laminator and sun simulator in his own company. Beside his job he worked as an
associate lecturer at University of St. Gallen (HSG), for several
years, in the field of industrial production. At the end of 2005
he was charged with building up an integrated 250 MW p photovoltaic facility, including wafer, cell and module manufacturing,
in Germany.