[19, 25–28]. Mentioned and other circumstances are one of the motivations for
preparation and fulfillment of this book’s investigations during 2005 through 2014.
Known publications (books, papers, reports at conferences) on OEO research
[29–33] does not at once enable the determination of the OEO main properties in
microwave range and methods of the frequency control. It is rather difficult to extract
and to analyze factors, which influence on the frequency instability and on the phase
noise of OEO. To authors’ opinion, one of the advantages of this book is a
construction of the physical and engineering theory of OEO taking into account
fluctuations, and explanation of the phase noise influence of the spontaneous optical
laser emission on the process of the RF resulting phase noise formation at intended
generation in RF range.
We should note that, from the point of view of classical oscillations theory, OEO
is concerned to oscillators with delayed feedback [34–36]. Oscillators with surface
acoustic waves (SAW) delay lines [37, 38] are theoretically studied oscillators with
delayed feedback, and they are close to OEO in its construction circuit. These
research results form a base for theoretical investigations of the new class of
precision oscillations—OEO with FODL and the present book is devoted to these
oscillators research.
Intensive investigations (1970s–1980s) of fiber-optical communication lines and
optical fibers with low optical losses give an impulse to fiber-optical systems’
application in precision oscillating systems. During recent decades, researches
were performed on theoretical and experimental investigations of modern fastacting optoelectronic components: lasers, electro-optical modulators, photodiodes,
as well as optoelectronic and fiber-optical systems with operating speed of
0.01–100 ps, with bandwidths of modulation frequencies up to 18–200 GHz.
Such researches gave an impulse to investigation of optoelectronic oscillators in
microwave and mm-wave ranges. Such investigations are actively fulfilled in many
countries including Russia. At present, under supervision of V.D. Kurnosov (Moscow, Russia), investigations and development of modern Russian quantum-well
laser diodes and photodiodes are performed, which allow modulation and demodulation on frequencies up to 12 GHz [39, 40].
The appearance of such ultra-wideband QWLDs enables the practical development of OEO with FODL in 12 GHz-range. Further perspectives of OEO development, which operate in microwave and mm-wave ranges, are related to creation of
modern optoelectronic devices and photonic nanotechnologies. Recently, the publications in experimental research of optoelectronic oscillator under supervision of
professor M.E. Belkin appear in Russia, and we may tell about urgency of the
problem of low-noise optoelectronic oscillator with FODL development [41].
As concerned to worldwide researchers in the field of OEO experimental investigations, we may note publications of Nakazava M. (NTT Transmission Systems
Laboratories, Japan, 1984) [42], Yariv Amnon (Caltech, USA, 1984) [43],
V.V. Grigoriants and Yu.B. Il’in (MPEI, USSR, 1982–1990) [44–46], Steve Yao
and L. Maleki (Caltech, USA, 1994–1997) [22, 23, 47, 48], J. Lasri (the Electrical
Engineering Dept., Technion, Israel, 2001) [49, 50] and E. Shumakher (Israel,
2008) [51].
4
1 Introduction
preparation and fulfillment of this book’s investigations during 2005 through 2014.
Known publications (books, papers, reports at conferences) on OEO research
[29–33] does not at once enable the determination of the OEO main properties in
microwave range and methods of the frequency control. It is rather difficult to extract
and to analyze factors, which influence on the frequency instability and on the phase
noise of OEO. To authors’ opinion, one of the advantages of this book is a
construction of the physical and engineering theory of OEO taking into account
fluctuations, and explanation of the phase noise influence of the spontaneous optical
laser emission on the process of the RF resulting phase noise formation at intended
generation in RF range.
We should note that, from the point of view of classical oscillations theory, OEO
is concerned to oscillators with delayed feedback [34–36]. Oscillators with surface
acoustic waves (SAW) delay lines [37, 38] are theoretically studied oscillators with
delayed feedback, and they are close to OEO in its construction circuit. These
research results form a base for theoretical investigations of the new class of
precision oscillations—OEO with FODL and the present book is devoted to these
oscillators research.
Intensive investigations (1970s–1980s) of fiber-optical communication lines and
optical fibers with low optical losses give an impulse to fiber-optical systems’
application in precision oscillating systems. During recent decades, researches
were performed on theoretical and experimental investigations of modern fastacting optoelectronic components: lasers, electro-optical modulators, photodiodes,
as well as optoelectronic and fiber-optical systems with operating speed of
0.01–100 ps, with bandwidths of modulation frequencies up to 18–200 GHz.
Such researches gave an impulse to investigation of optoelectronic oscillators in
microwave and mm-wave ranges. Such investigations are actively fulfilled in many
countries including Russia. At present, under supervision of V.D. Kurnosov (Moscow, Russia), investigations and development of modern Russian quantum-well
laser diodes and photodiodes are performed, which allow modulation and demodulation on frequencies up to 12 GHz [39, 40].
The appearance of such ultra-wideband QWLDs enables the practical development of OEO with FODL in 12 GHz-range. Further perspectives of OEO development, which operate in microwave and mm-wave ranges, are related to creation of
modern optoelectronic devices and photonic nanotechnologies. Recently, the publications in experimental research of optoelectronic oscillator under supervision of
professor M.E. Belkin appear in Russia, and we may tell about urgency of the
problem of low-noise optoelectronic oscillator with FODL development [41].
As concerned to worldwide researchers in the field of OEO experimental investigations, we may note publications of Nakazava M. (NTT Transmission Systems
Laboratories, Japan, 1984) [42], Yariv Amnon (Caltech, USA, 1984) [43],
V.V. Grigoriants and Yu.B. Il’in (MPEI, USSR, 1982–1990) [44–46], Steve Yao
and L. Maleki (Caltech, USA, 1994–1997) [22, 23, 47, 48], J. Lasri (the Electrical
Engineering Dept., Technion, Israel, 2001) [49, 50] and E. Shumakher (Israel,
2008) [51].
4
1 Introduction