Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:13
1 3
Abbreviations
APTES
(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane
CuAAC
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition
IONPs
Iron oxide nanoparticles
MNPs
Magnetic nanoparticles
ODN
Oligonucleotide
PAMAM Polyamidoamine dendrimers
PEG
Polyethylene glycol
PEI
Polyethylenimine
pHEMA Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
PNA
4-Pyridyldithiol-derivatized peptide nucleic acid
siRNAs
Small interfering RNAs
ssDNA
Single-stranded DNA
ssODN
Single-stranded oligonucleotide
TEOS
Tetraethyl orthosilane
TMOS
Tetramethyl orthosilane
1 Introduction
The increasing amount of scientific research that is focusing on nanomaterials has
resulted in significant progress in many practical applications. This class of compounds is referred to as ‘nanoscaled’ due to the size of the particles, a term which
means that at least one of the three dimensions is in the range of 1–100 nm. As
a multipurpose science, nanotechnology has extended the interest of researchers
into novel systems at this small scale due to the exceptional properties and applications of the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials comprise many materials, such as carbon
nanotubes, fullerenes, nanocomposites, nanopolymers, nanovectors, nanoparticles,
nanofibers, nanowires, nanorods, among many others [1]. The primary applications
of these materials are in the technological and biomedical fields, including water
treatment [2, 3], catalysis and electrocatalysis [4–10], air purification [11], photovoltaics [12], cancer treatment [13], among others.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered to be the center of nanotechnology-based structures and have had a substantial impact in the fields of nanomedicine, analytical chemistry, electronics, and biosensing [14–17]. To date, significant
improvements have been made in the synthesis and characterization of such systems,
with a focus on achieving and maintaining a desired size, morphology, composition,
and surface chemistry.
The use of MNPs and in particular ferrite colloids in the field of biomedicine is
associated with their physical properties, magnetic susceptibility, biocompatibility,
and low toxicity [18]. The surface functionalization of such materials allows many
structures to be designed while taking into consideration the conjugated (bio)molecule and the specific target. The conjugation of MNPs to DNA fragments is just
one example of unique magnetic properties and biological selectivity combinations
that are aimed at improving the efficiency of diagnosis and therapy of diseases [19,
20]. Several approaches to conjugate nucleic acids with MNPs have been reported
20
Reprinted from the journal
1 3
Abbreviations
APTES
(3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane
CuAAC
Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition
IONPs
Iron oxide nanoparticles
MNPs
Magnetic nanoparticles
ODN
Oligonucleotide
PAMAM Polyamidoamine dendrimers
PEG
Polyethylene glycol
PEI
Polyethylenimine
pHEMA Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)
PNA
4-Pyridyldithiol-derivatized peptide nucleic acid
siRNAs
Small interfering RNAs
ssDNA
Single-stranded DNA
ssODN
Single-stranded oligonucleotide
TEOS
Tetraethyl orthosilane
TMOS
Tetramethyl orthosilane
1 Introduction
The increasing amount of scientific research that is focusing on nanomaterials has
resulted in significant progress in many practical applications. This class of compounds is referred to as ‘nanoscaled’ due to the size of the particles, a term which
means that at least one of the three dimensions is in the range of 1–100 nm. As
a multipurpose science, nanotechnology has extended the interest of researchers
into novel systems at this small scale due to the exceptional properties and applications of the nanomaterials. Nanomaterials comprise many materials, such as carbon
nanotubes, fullerenes, nanocomposites, nanopolymers, nanovectors, nanoparticles,
nanofibers, nanowires, nanorods, among many others [1]. The primary applications
of these materials are in the technological and biomedical fields, including water
treatment [2, 3], catalysis and electrocatalysis [4–10], air purification [11], photovoltaics [12], cancer treatment [13], among others.
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are considered to be the center of nanotechnology-based structures and have had a substantial impact in the fields of nanomedicine, analytical chemistry, electronics, and biosensing [14–17]. To date, significant
improvements have been made in the synthesis and characterization of such systems,
with a focus on achieving and maintaining a desired size, morphology, composition,
and surface chemistry.
The use of MNPs and in particular ferrite colloids in the field of biomedicine is
associated with their physical properties, magnetic susceptibility, biocompatibility,
and low toxicity [18]. The surface functionalization of such materials allows many
structures to be designed while taking into consideration the conjugated (bio)molecule and the specific target. The conjugation of MNPs to DNA fragments is just
one example of unique magnetic properties and biological selectivity combinations
that are aimed at improving the efficiency of diagnosis and therapy of diseases [19,
20]. Several approaches to conjugate nucleic acids with MNPs have been reported
20
Reprinted from the journal