1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:8
prepared 5-FU loaded through ionic interactions onto CTAB capped AuNPs, and
the resulting nanocomposite was incorporated into gel and cream bases to evaluate
its permeability both ex vivo in mice dorsal skin and in vivo in A431 tumor-bearing
mice [72]. They observed that the nano-formulation provided around 2-fold higher
permeability through mice skin compared with free 5-FU gel and cream formulations, and achieved 6.8- and 18.4-fold lower tumour volume than the untreated control with the gel- and the cream-based nano-formulation, respectively. On the other
hand, Boca et al. [73] performed the first preliminar study to evaluate the potential use under dermatological conditions of Ruxolitinib-conjugated 15 nm AuNPs
as alternative for treating alopecia. Using in vitro preclinical setting, they showed
that AuNPs@TWEEN-20@Ruxolitinib inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by
inhibiting JAK2 protein, suggesting it as a potential strategy to treat alopecia.
Another novel and alternative administration strategy of bioconjugated plasmonic
NPs was proposed by Anirudhan et al. [74], who fabricated a nanocomposite film
containing methacrylate-stitched β-cyclodextrin embedded with AuNPs and hydrophobic titanium nanotube (TNT) and tested the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen
through in vitro rat skin. They showed that the resulting film exhibited an improved
drug-delivery performance, which was attributed to synergistic action of AuNP and
hydrophobic TNT. They proposed this nanocomposite film as an alternative skin
permeation strategy for transdermal drug delivery. Similarly, this same research
group proposed a polyelectrolyte membrane fabricated with guar gum, poly(vinyl
alcohol) and a nanogold-nanocellulose composite for the topical administration of
diltiazem hydrochloride. In vivo use of this film on human skin was analyzed, suggesting its potential use for transdermal drug delivery [75].
Pan et al. [68] explored the effects on wound healing of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) cross-linked to AuNPs. Using an animal full-thickness wound model,
they showed that KGF-AuNPs were more favorable to wound healing than bare
AuNPs or KGF, thus proposing KGF-AuNPs as a promising wound healing drug
for clinical application, see Fig. 4B. Crisan et al. [76] evaluated the impact on psoriatic inflammation of AgNPs and AuNPs complexed with Cornus mas (i.e., polyphenols-rich extracts) by using an in vitro model based on pro-inflammatory macrophages. The results obtained from all the performed in vitro analysis suggested
that these bioconjugated plasmonic NPs provide an efficient tool for modern psoriasis therapy, circumventing immunosuppression-related side effects of biologicals. In another study, Wang et al. [77] fabricated an antimicrobial peptide (LL37)
grafted ultra-small AuNPs (AuNPs@LL37, ~7 nm), which was combined with proangiogenic (VEGF) plasmids to analyze its potential use for the topical treatment
of diabetic wounds with or without bacterial infection. The resulting bioconjugate
(AuNPs@LL37/pDNAs) combined the advantages of cationic surface charged NPs
that condense DNA with those of antibacterial peptides and enhance the cellular and
nucleus entry to achieve high gene delivery efficiency. AuNPs@LL37/pDNAs were
shown to greatly improve the gene transfection efficiency in keratinocytes compared
with pristine AuNPs/pDNAs, exhibiting a similar expression to Lipo2000/pDNAs (a
well-known highly efficient gene transfection agent), whilst displaying higher antibacterial ability. Thus, this bioconjugated plasmonic NPs were suggested as a suitable strategy for treating chronic diabetic wounds.
229
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:8
prepared 5-FU loaded through ionic interactions onto CTAB capped AuNPs, and
the resulting nanocomposite was incorporated into gel and cream bases to evaluate
its permeability both ex vivo in mice dorsal skin and in vivo in A431 tumor-bearing
mice [72]. They observed that the nano-formulation provided around 2-fold higher
permeability through mice skin compared with free 5-FU gel and cream formulations, and achieved 6.8- and 18.4-fold lower tumour volume than the untreated control with the gel- and the cream-based nano-formulation, respectively. On the other
hand, Boca et al. [73] performed the first preliminar study to evaluate the potential use under dermatological conditions of Ruxolitinib-conjugated 15 nm AuNPs
as alternative for treating alopecia. Using in vitro preclinical setting, they showed
that AuNPs@TWEEN-20@Ruxolitinib inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts by
inhibiting JAK2 protein, suggesting it as a potential strategy to treat alopecia.
Another novel and alternative administration strategy of bioconjugated plasmonic
NPs was proposed by Anirudhan et al. [74], who fabricated a nanocomposite film
containing methacrylate-stitched β-cyclodextrin embedded with AuNPs and hydrophobic titanium nanotube (TNT) and tested the transdermal delivery of ibuprofen
through in vitro rat skin. They showed that the resulting film exhibited an improved
drug-delivery performance, which was attributed to synergistic action of AuNP and
hydrophobic TNT. They proposed this nanocomposite film as an alternative skin
permeation strategy for transdermal drug delivery. Similarly, this same research
group proposed a polyelectrolyte membrane fabricated with guar gum, poly(vinyl
alcohol) and a nanogold-nanocellulose composite for the topical administration of
diltiazem hydrochloride. In vivo use of this film on human skin was analyzed, suggesting its potential use for transdermal drug delivery [75].
Pan et al. [68] explored the effects on wound healing of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) cross-linked to AuNPs. Using an animal full-thickness wound model,
they showed that KGF-AuNPs were more favorable to wound healing than bare
AuNPs or KGF, thus proposing KGF-AuNPs as a promising wound healing drug
for clinical application, see Fig. 4B. Crisan et al. [76] evaluated the impact on psoriatic inflammation of AgNPs and AuNPs complexed with Cornus mas (i.e., polyphenols-rich extracts) by using an in vitro model based on pro-inflammatory macrophages. The results obtained from all the performed in vitro analysis suggested
that these bioconjugated plasmonic NPs provide an efficient tool for modern psoriasis therapy, circumventing immunosuppression-related side effects of biologicals. In another study, Wang et al. [77] fabricated an antimicrobial peptide (LL37)
grafted ultra-small AuNPs (AuNPs@LL37, ~7 nm), which was combined with proangiogenic (VEGF) plasmids to analyze its potential use for the topical treatment
of diabetic wounds with or without bacterial infection. The resulting bioconjugate
(AuNPs@LL37/pDNAs) combined the advantages of cationic surface charged NPs
that condense DNA with those of antibacterial peptides and enhance the cellular and
nucleus entry to achieve high gene delivery efficiency. AuNPs@LL37/pDNAs were
shown to greatly improve the gene transfection efficiency in keratinocytes compared
with pristine AuNPs/pDNAs, exhibiting a similar expression to Lipo2000/pDNAs (a
well-known highly efficient gene transfection agent), whilst displaying higher antibacterial ability. Thus, this bioconjugated plasmonic NPs were suggested as a suitable strategy for treating chronic diabetic wounds.
229
Reprinted from the journal