1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:35
Although optical sensing has been by far the dominant detection method applied
in the field of paper microfluidics, examples of electrochemical QD-based paper
devices for clinical diagnostics can also be found in literature [134–136]. Electrochemical sensing offers an alternative detection system for quantitative analysis in
paper devices due to its simplicity, portability and sensitivity. Small-sized electrodes
can be easily integrated into the paper strip (Fig. 14a) or fabricated directly onto the
Fig. 13 Smartphone-based QD biosensing systems. a Three-dimensional schematic and photograph of
the smartphone-based fluorescence LFA reader developed for Zika detection. LED Light-emitting diode.
Reprinted from Rong et al. [129], copyright 2019, with permission from Elsevier. b Photograph of the
setup used for smartphone readout of the QD-FRET test strip for thrombin activity. BP Band-pass.
Reprinted from Petryayeva et al. [131], copyright 2015, with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. c Schematic illustration of the ratiometric QD-FRET assay for DNA diagnostic of spinal muscular
atrophy disorder and Escherichia coli. gQD Graphene QD, PL photoluminescence, tHDA thermophilic
helicase-dependent isothermal amplification. Reprinted with permission from Noor et al. [133], copyright 2015, with permission from Elsevier.
157
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:35
Although optical sensing has been by far the dominant detection method applied
in the field of paper microfluidics, examples of electrochemical QD-based paper
devices for clinical diagnostics can also be found in literature [134–136]. Electrochemical sensing offers an alternative detection system for quantitative analysis in
paper devices due to its simplicity, portability and sensitivity. Small-sized electrodes
can be easily integrated into the paper strip (Fig. 14a) or fabricated directly onto the
Fig. 13 Smartphone-based QD biosensing systems. a Three-dimensional schematic and photograph of
the smartphone-based fluorescence LFA reader developed for Zika detection. LED Light-emitting diode.
Reprinted from Rong et al. [129], copyright 2019, with permission from Elsevier. b Photograph of the
setup used for smartphone readout of the QD-FRET test strip for thrombin activity. BP Band-pass.
Reprinted from Petryayeva et al. [131], copyright 2015, with permission from Royal Society of Chemistry. c Schematic illustration of the ratiometric QD-FRET assay for DNA diagnostic of spinal muscular
atrophy disorder and Escherichia coli. gQD Graphene QD, PL photoluminescence, tHDA thermophilic
helicase-dependent isothermal amplification. Reprinted with permission from Noor et al. [133], copyright 2015, with permission from Elsevier.
157
Reprinted from the journal