J Useful Biophysical Data
681
Table J.4 Physical conversions
1 fermi
10 −15 m
1 barn
100 fermi 2
1 ångström
10 −10 m
1 curie
3.7 × 10 7 /s
1 rad
100 erg/gm= 0.01
joule/kg= 0.01 Gy
1 röntgen
1 esu/cm 3 of air at STP =
2.58 × 10 −4 C/kg
1 kilocalorie (def)
4184 J
1 poise (viscosity)
1 dyne-s/cm 2
1 Astronomical unit (def)
149 597 870 700 m
Energy from 1 kg of glucose
1.59 × 10 7 joules (Krebs cycle)
Energy in 1 barrel oil (42 gal)
6.5 × 10 9 joules
Energy from 1 ton of coal
2.8 × 10 10 joules
Energy from 1 kiloton TNT
4.184 × 10 12 joules
Energy from 1 kg 235 U
8.1 × 10 13 joules
Energy from 1 kg 2 H
3.28 × 10 14 joules
Radiation power from sun
3.8 × 10 26 watts
Earthquake energy
6.3 × 10 4 joules×10 (3/2) M Richter
Temperature of outer space
2.725· K
Asteroid hits to Earth
∼(10 5 kg/Mass) 11/15 per year
Table J.5 Material constants
Gas constant
R
8.31446·J/(mol-K)
Avogadro’s number
N A
6.02214086 × 10 23 /mol
Atomic number
Z
Number of protons in nucleus
Neutron number
N
Number of neutrons in
nucleus
Isotope number
A
Z + N
Mass of carbon-12 atom
m C−12
1.992646547 × 10 −23 gm
Atomic weight
w A
Atomic Mass/(m C−12 /12)
One atmosphere pressure
p o
101,325 N/m 2
Volume of 1 mole Ideal Gas @STP
v ST P
22.414·liters/mol
Density of air @ 20 ◦ C
ρ a
1.204· kg/m 3
Density of water @ 20 ◦ C
ρ w
0.9982· gm/cm 3
(0.9933 @ 37 ◦ C)
Dynamic viscosity of air @ 20 ◦ C
η a
0.0181· centipoise
Dynamic viscosity water @ 20 ◦ C
η w
1.01 centipoise (0.692 @ 37 ◦ C)
Speed of sound in dry air @ 20 ◦ C
v a
343.2· m/s
Speed of sound in water @ 20 ◦ C
v w
1484· m/s
Specific heat of air @ 20 ◦ C, 1 atm
c a
1.005 kJ/(kg ◦ C)
Specific heat of water @ 20 ◦ C
c w
4.182 kJ/(kg ◦ C)
Triple point of water
T o , p o
273.16 K, 611.73 N/m
2
Critical point of water
T c , p c
647 K, 22.1 × 10 6 N/m
2
Heat of fusion of water
H f us
79.72· cal/gm
(continued)
681
Table J.4 Physical conversions
1 fermi
10 −15 m
1 barn
100 fermi 2
1 ångström
10 −10 m
1 curie
3.7 × 10 7 /s
1 rad
100 erg/gm= 0.01
joule/kg= 0.01 Gy
1 röntgen
1 esu/cm 3 of air at STP =
2.58 × 10 −4 C/kg
1 kilocalorie (def)
4184 J
1 poise (viscosity)
1 dyne-s/cm 2
1 Astronomical unit (def)
149 597 870 700 m
Energy from 1 kg of glucose
1.59 × 10 7 joules (Krebs cycle)
Energy in 1 barrel oil (42 gal)
6.5 × 10 9 joules
Energy from 1 ton of coal
2.8 × 10 10 joules
Energy from 1 kiloton TNT
4.184 × 10 12 joules
Energy from 1 kg 235 U
8.1 × 10 13 joules
Energy from 1 kg 2 H
3.28 × 10 14 joules
Radiation power from sun
3.8 × 10 26 watts
Earthquake energy
6.3 × 10 4 joules×10 (3/2) M Richter
Temperature of outer space
2.725· K
Asteroid hits to Earth
∼(10 5 kg/Mass) 11/15 per year
Table J.5 Material constants
Gas constant
R
8.31446·J/(mol-K)
Avogadro’s number
N A
6.02214086 × 10 23 /mol
Atomic number
Z
Number of protons in nucleus
Neutron number
N
Number of neutrons in
nucleus
Isotope number
A
Z + N
Mass of carbon-12 atom
m C−12
1.992646547 × 10 −23 gm
Atomic weight
w A
Atomic Mass/(m C−12 /12)
One atmosphere pressure
p o
101,325 N/m 2
Volume of 1 mole Ideal Gas @STP
v ST P
22.414·liters/mol
Density of air @ 20 ◦ C
ρ a
1.204· kg/m 3
Density of water @ 20 ◦ C
ρ w
0.9982· gm/cm 3
(0.9933 @ 37 ◦ C)
Dynamic viscosity of air @ 20 ◦ C
η a
0.0181· centipoise
Dynamic viscosity water @ 20 ◦ C
η w
1.01 centipoise (0.692 @ 37 ◦ C)
Speed of sound in dry air @ 20 ◦ C
v a
343.2· m/s
Speed of sound in water @ 20 ◦ C
v w
1484· m/s
Specific heat of air @ 20 ◦ C, 1 atm
c a
1.005 kJ/(kg ◦ C)
Specific heat of water @ 20 ◦ C
c w
4.182 kJ/(kg ◦ C)
Triple point of water
T o , p o
273.16 K, 611.73 N/m
2
Critical point of water
T c , p c
647 K, 22.1 × 10 6 N/m
2
Heat of fusion of water
H f us
79.72· cal/gm
(continued)