442
22 Layered Structures
82. L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd edn. (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,
1960)
83. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Underneath the fascinations of carbon nanotubes and graphene
nanoribbons. Energy Environ. Sci. 4(3), 627–655 (2011)
84. X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, W.T. Zheng, J.L. Kuo, C.Q. Sun, Discriminative generation and hydrogen
modulation of the Dirac-Fermi polarons at graphene edges and atomic vacancies. Carbon
49(11), 3615–3621 (2011)
85. C.O. Girit, J.C. Meyer, R. Erni, M.D. Rossell, C. Kisielowski, L. Yang, C.H. Park, M.F.
Crommie, M.L. Cohen, S.G. Louie, A. Zettl, Graphene at the edge: stability and dynamics.
Science 323(5922), 1705–1708 (2009)
86. K.S. Novoselov, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Morozov, H.L. Stormer, U. Zeitler, J.C. Maan, G.S.
Boebinger, P. Kim, A.K. Geim, Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene. Science
315(5817), 1379–1379 (2007)
87. X. Yang, J. Li, Z. Zhou, Y. Wang, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Frequency response of graphene
phonons to heating and compression. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(13), 133108 (2011)
88. Y. Wang, X. Yang, J. Li, Z. Zhou, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Number-of-layer discriminated
graphene phonon softening and stiffening. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(16), 163109 (2011)
89. C. Thomsen, S. Reich, Double resonant Raman scattering in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(24),
5214–5217 (2000)
90. Y. Liu, X. Yang, M. Bo, X. Zhang, X. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Number-of-layer, pressure, and temperature resolved bond–phonon–photon cooperative relaxation of layered black
phosphorus. J. Raman Spectrosc. 47(11), 1304–1309 (2016)
91. Y. Liu, M. Bo, Y. Guo, X. Yang, X. Zhang, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Number-of-layer resolved
(Mo, W)-(S2, Se2) phonon relaxation. J. Raman Spectrosc. 48(4), 592–595 (2017)
92. M. Boukhicha, M. Calandra, M.-A. Measson, O. Lancry, A. Shukla, Anharmonic phonons
in few-layer MoS 2 : Raman spectroscopy of ultralow energy compression and shear modes.
Phys Rev B 87(19), 195316 (2013)
93. W. Zhao, Z. Ghorannevis, K.K. Amara, J.R. Pang, M. Toh, X. Zhang, C. Kloc, P.H. Tan, G.
Eda, Lattice dynamics in mono-and few-layer sheets of WS 2 and WSe 2 . Nanoscale 5(20),
9677–9683 (2013)
94. C. Rice, R. Young, R. Zan, U. Bangert, D. Wolverson, T. Georgiou, R. Jalil, K. Novoselov,
Raman-scattering measurements and first-principles calculations of strain-induced phonon
shifts in monolayer MoS 2 . Phys. Rev. B 87(8), 081307 (2013)
95. X.X. Yang, Y. Wang, J.W. Li, W.H. Liao, Y.H. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Graphene phonon softening
and splitting by directional straining. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(20), 203105 (2015)
96. Y. Liu, X. Yang, M. Bo, C. Ni, X. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Multifield-driven bond–phonon–
photon performance of layered (Mo, W)–(S2, Se2). Chem. Phys. Lett. 660, 256–260 (2016)
97. M.X. Gu, L.K. Pan, T.C. Au Yeung, B.K. Tay, C.Q. Sun, Atomistic origin of the thermally
driven softening of Raman optical phonons in group III nitrides. J. Phys. Chem. C, 111(36):
13606–13610 (2007)
98. F. Birch, Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals. Phys. Rev. 71(11), 809–824 (1947)
99. F.D. Murnaghan, The compressibility of media under extreme pressures. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 30(9), 244–247 (1944)
100. Y. Liu, Y. Wang, M. Bo, X. Liu, X. Yang, Y. Huang, C.Q. Sun, Thermally driven (Mo, W)-(S2,
Se2) phonon and photon energy relaxation dynamics. J. Phys. Chem. C 119(44), 25071–25076
(2015)
101. S. Hind, P. Lee, KKR calculations of the energy bands in NbSe 2 , MoS 2 and alpha MoTe 2 . J.
Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 13(3), 349 (1980)
102. D.J. Late, S.N. Shirodkar, U.V. Waghmare, V.P. Dravid, C. Rao, Thermal expansion, anharmonicity and temperature-dependent raman spectra of single-and few-layer MoSe 2 and WSe 2 .
Chem. Phys. Chem. 15(8), 1592–1598 (2014)
103. R. Yan, J.R. Simpson, S. Bertolazzi, J. Brivio, M. Watson, X. Wu, A. Kis, T. Luo, A.R. Hight
Walker, H.G. Xing, Thermal conductivity of monolayer molybdenum disulfide obtained from
temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. ACS Nano 8(1): 986–993, (2014)
22 Layered Structures
82. L. Pauling, The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd edn. (Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY,
1960)
83. W.T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Underneath the fascinations of carbon nanotubes and graphene
nanoribbons. Energy Environ. Sci. 4(3), 627–655 (2011)
84. X. Zhang, Y.G. Nie, W.T. Zheng, J.L. Kuo, C.Q. Sun, Discriminative generation and hydrogen
modulation of the Dirac-Fermi polarons at graphene edges and atomic vacancies. Carbon
49(11), 3615–3621 (2011)
85. C.O. Girit, J.C. Meyer, R. Erni, M.D. Rossell, C. Kisielowski, L. Yang, C.H. Park, M.F.
Crommie, M.L. Cohen, S.G. Louie, A. Zettl, Graphene at the edge: stability and dynamics.
Science 323(5922), 1705–1708 (2009)
86. K.S. Novoselov, Z. Jiang, Y. Zhang, S.V. Morozov, H.L. Stormer, U. Zeitler, J.C. Maan, G.S.
Boebinger, P. Kim, A.K. Geim, Room-temperature quantum hall effect in graphene. Science
315(5817), 1379–1379 (2007)
87. X. Yang, J. Li, Z. Zhou, Y. Wang, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Frequency response of graphene
phonons to heating and compression. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(13), 133108 (2011)
88. Y. Wang, X. Yang, J. Li, Z. Zhou, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Number-of-layer discriminated
graphene phonon softening and stiffening. Appl. Phys. Lett. 99(16), 163109 (2011)
89. C. Thomsen, S. Reich, Double resonant Raman scattering in graphite. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(24),
5214–5217 (2000)
90. Y. Liu, X. Yang, M. Bo, X. Zhang, X. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Number-of-layer, pressure, and temperature resolved bond–phonon–photon cooperative relaxation of layered black
phosphorus. J. Raman Spectrosc. 47(11), 1304–1309 (2016)
91. Y. Liu, M. Bo, Y. Guo, X. Yang, X. Zhang, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Number-of-layer resolved
(Mo, W)-(S2, Se2) phonon relaxation. J. Raman Spectrosc. 48(4), 592–595 (2017)
92. M. Boukhicha, M. Calandra, M.-A. Measson, O. Lancry, A. Shukla, Anharmonic phonons
in few-layer MoS 2 : Raman spectroscopy of ultralow energy compression and shear modes.
Phys Rev B 87(19), 195316 (2013)
93. W. Zhao, Z. Ghorannevis, K.K. Amara, J.R. Pang, M. Toh, X. Zhang, C. Kloc, P.H. Tan, G.
Eda, Lattice dynamics in mono-and few-layer sheets of WS 2 and WSe 2 . Nanoscale 5(20),
9677–9683 (2013)
94. C. Rice, R. Young, R. Zan, U. Bangert, D. Wolverson, T. Georgiou, R. Jalil, K. Novoselov,
Raman-scattering measurements and first-principles calculations of strain-induced phonon
shifts in monolayer MoS 2 . Phys. Rev. B 87(8), 081307 (2013)
95. X.X. Yang, Y. Wang, J.W. Li, W.H. Liao, Y.H. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Graphene phonon softening
and splitting by directional straining. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107(20), 203105 (2015)
96. Y. Liu, X. Yang, M. Bo, C. Ni, X. Liu, C.Q. Sun, Y. Huang, Multifield-driven bond–phonon–
photon performance of layered (Mo, W)–(S2, Se2). Chem. Phys. Lett. 660, 256–260 (2016)
97. M.X. Gu, L.K. Pan, T.C. Au Yeung, B.K. Tay, C.Q. Sun, Atomistic origin of the thermally
driven softening of Raman optical phonons in group III nitrides. J. Phys. Chem. C, 111(36):
13606–13610 (2007)
98. F. Birch, Finite elastic strain of cubic crystals. Phys. Rev. 71(11), 809–824 (1947)
99. F.D. Murnaghan, The compressibility of media under extreme pressures. Proc. Natl. Acad.
Sci. U.S.A. 30(9), 244–247 (1944)
100. Y. Liu, Y. Wang, M. Bo, X. Liu, X. Yang, Y. Huang, C.Q. Sun, Thermally driven (Mo, W)-(S2,
Se2) phonon and photon energy relaxation dynamics. J. Phys. Chem. C 119(44), 25071–25076
(2015)
101. S. Hind, P. Lee, KKR calculations of the energy bands in NbSe 2 , MoS 2 and alpha MoTe 2 . J.
Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 13(3), 349 (1980)
102. D.J. Late, S.N. Shirodkar, U.V. Waghmare, V.P. Dravid, C. Rao, Thermal expansion, anharmonicity and temperature-dependent raman spectra of single-and few-layer MoSe 2 and WSe 2 .
Chem. Phys. Chem. 15(8), 1592–1598 (2014)
103. R. Yan, J.R. Simpson, S. Bertolazzi, J. Brivio, M. Watson, X. Wu, A. Kis, T. Luo, A.R. Hight
Walker, H.G. Xing, Thermal conductivity of monolayer molybdenum disulfide obtained from
temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopy. ACS Nano 8(1): 986–993, (2014)