236
11 Liquid Phase
about water and solvent matrix as the highly ordered, strongly correlated, and
fluctuating crystals, particularly, the supersolid phase caused by salt solvation
and molecular undercoordination rather than the amorphous or multiphase structures. Water holds the two-phase structure in the core-shell configuration, rather
than the randomly domain-resolved mixture of density patches. Liquid water
and the matrix of aqueous solutions must follow the conservation rules for the
2N number of protons and lone pairs and for the O:H–O configuration despite
its segmental length and energy relaxation unless excessive H
+ or lone pairs are
introduced.
(3) As a degree of freedom, atomic and molecular undercoordination forms the
foundation of and reconciles the defect and surface science, nanoscience and
engineering. The undercoordination derived bond contraction and the associated electron and energy entrapment and local polarization govern the performance of the undercoordinated systems. One can consider the solvation as a
process of charge injection with multiple interactions. Charge injection in terms
of hydrated electrons, ions, protons, lone pairs, and even molecular dipoles mediate the HB network and properties of a solution. Salt solvation and molecular
undercoordination share the same effect of polarization on the viscosity, surface
stress, phonon stiffness and lifetime transition. The quasisolid (or quasiliquid)
of negative thermal extensity due to O:H–O bond segmental specific disparity,
the supersolidity due to molecular undercoordination and electric polarization
are both important to water, ice and aqueous solutions. The quasisolid phase
boundary dispersion by perturbation determines the solution O:H–O bond network and thermodynamic behavior such critical pressures and temperatures for
phase transition.
(4) Focusing on the bond-electron-phonon-property correlation and interlaying
the spatially- and temporarily-resolved electron/phonon/photon spectrometrics
would substantiate the advancement of related studies. Combining the spatially
resolved electron/phonon DPS and the temporarily resolved ultrafast pumpprobe spectroscopies not only distill the phonon abundance-stiffness-lifetimefluctuation due to liquid conditioning but also fingerprint the electron/phonon
energy dissipation and the ways of interactions. Molecular residing time or drift
motion under a certain coordination environment fingerprints the way of energy
dissipation but these processes could hardly give direct information of energy
exchange under perturbation. Polarization, entrapment, and absorption determine the energy dissipation. Embracing the emerged O:H–O bond segmental
disparity and cooperativity and the specific heat difference would be even more
revealing.
Understanding may extend to water-protein interaction, biochemistry, environmental and pharmaceutical industries. As the primary functional and structural unit,
lone pair and proton play the key role in molecular interactions. Hydrophobic interface is the same to free surface. Charge injection by salt and other solute solvation
provides the local electric fields. As the important degrees of freedom, molecular
undercoordination and electric polarization are ubiquitous to our daily life and living
11 Liquid Phase
about water and solvent matrix as the highly ordered, strongly correlated, and
fluctuating crystals, particularly, the supersolid phase caused by salt solvation
and molecular undercoordination rather than the amorphous or multiphase structures. Water holds the two-phase structure in the core-shell configuration, rather
than the randomly domain-resolved mixture of density patches. Liquid water
and the matrix of aqueous solutions must follow the conservation rules for the
2N number of protons and lone pairs and for the O:H–O configuration despite
its segmental length and energy relaxation unless excessive H
+ or lone pairs are
introduced.
(3) As a degree of freedom, atomic and molecular undercoordination forms the
foundation of and reconciles the defect and surface science, nanoscience and
engineering. The undercoordination derived bond contraction and the associated electron and energy entrapment and local polarization govern the performance of the undercoordinated systems. One can consider the solvation as a
process of charge injection with multiple interactions. Charge injection in terms
of hydrated electrons, ions, protons, lone pairs, and even molecular dipoles mediate the HB network and properties of a solution. Salt solvation and molecular
undercoordination share the same effect of polarization on the viscosity, surface
stress, phonon stiffness and lifetime transition. The quasisolid (or quasiliquid)
of negative thermal extensity due to O:H–O bond segmental specific disparity,
the supersolidity due to molecular undercoordination and electric polarization
are both important to water, ice and aqueous solutions. The quasisolid phase
boundary dispersion by perturbation determines the solution O:H–O bond network and thermodynamic behavior such critical pressures and temperatures for
phase transition.
(4) Focusing on the bond-electron-phonon-property correlation and interlaying
the spatially- and temporarily-resolved electron/phonon/photon spectrometrics
would substantiate the advancement of related studies. Combining the spatially
resolved electron/phonon DPS and the temporarily resolved ultrafast pumpprobe spectroscopies not only distill the phonon abundance-stiffness-lifetimefluctuation due to liquid conditioning but also fingerprint the electron/phonon
energy dissipation and the ways of interactions. Molecular residing time or drift
motion under a certain coordination environment fingerprints the way of energy
dissipation but these processes could hardly give direct information of energy
exchange under perturbation. Polarization, entrapment, and absorption determine the energy dissipation. Embracing the emerged O:H–O bond segmental
disparity and cooperativity and the specific heat difference would be even more
revealing.
Understanding may extend to water-protein interaction, biochemistry, environmental and pharmaceutical industries. As the primary functional and structural unit,
lone pair and proton play the key role in molecular interactions. Hydrophobic interface is the same to free surface. Charge injection by salt and other solute solvation
provides the local electric fields. As the important degrees of freedom, molecular
undercoordination and electric polarization are ubiquitous to our daily life and living