10.4 Summary
213
Narrowing band gap allows for extension of light adsorption to the visible and lower
work function promote electronic consumption and prevent the recombination of
photogenerated carriers.
References
1. U. Martinez, J.Ø. Hansen, E. Lira, H.H. Kristoffersen, P. Huo, R. Bechstein, E. Lægsgaard, F.
Besenbacher, B. Hammer, S. Wendt, Reduced step edges on Rutile TiO 2 (110) as competing
defects to oxygen vacancies on the terraces and reactive sites for ethanol dissociation. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 109(15), 155501 (2012)
2. S. Jin, Y. Li, H. Xie, X. Chen, T. Tian, X. Zhao, Highly selective photocatalytic and sensing
properties of 2D-ordered dome films of nano titania and nano Ag 2+ doped titania. J. Mater.
Chem. 22(4), 1469–1476 (2012)
3. A. Borodin, M. Reichling, Characterizing TiO 2 (110) surface states by their work function.
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(34), 15442–15447 (2011)
4. M. Kong, Y. Li, X. Chen, T. Tian, P. Fang, F. Zheng, X. Zhao, Tuning the relative concentration ratio of bulk defects to surface defects in TiO 2 nanocrystals leads to high photocatalytic
efficiency. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(41), 16414–16417 (2011)
5. J. Tao, M. Batzill, Role of surface structure on the charge trapping in TiO 2 photocatalysts. J.
Phys. Chem. Lett. 1(21), 3200–3206 (2010)
6. C.M. Yim, C.L. Pang, G. Thornton, Oxygen vacancy origin of the surface band-gap state of
TiO 2 (110). Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(3), 036806 (2010)
7. U. Diebold, The surface science of titanium dioxide. Surf. Sci. Rep. 48(5), 53–229 (2003)
8. R. Daghrir, P. Drogui, D. Robert, Modified TiO 2 for environmental photocatalytic applications:
a review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52(10), 3581–3599 (2013)
9. K. Kollbek, M. Sikora, C. Kapusta, J. Szlachetko, K. Zakrzewska, K. Kowalski, M. Radecka,
X-ray spectroscopic methods in the studies of nonstoichiometric TiO 2−x thin films. Appl. Surf.
Sci. 281, 100–104 (2013)
10. F. Zuo, L. Wang, T. Wu, Z. Zhang, D. Borchardt, P. Feng, Self-doped Ti 3+ enhanced photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(34), 11856–11857
(2010)
11. K. Mitsuhara, H. Okumura, A. Visikovskiy, M. Takizawa, Y. Kido, The source of the Ti 3d
defect state in the band gap of rutile titania (110) surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 136(12), 124707
(2012)
12. S. Chrétien, H. Metiu, Electronic structure of partially reduced Rutile TiO 2 (110) surface:
where are the unpaired electrons located? J. Phys. Chem. C 115(11), 4696–4705 (2011)
13. P. Krüger, S. Bourgeois, B. Domenichini, H. Magnan, D. Chandesris, P. Le Fèvre, A.M. Flank,
J. Jupille, L. Floreano, A. Cossaro, A. Verdini, A. Morgante, Defect states at the TiO 2 surface
probed by resonant photoelectron diffraction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(5), 055501 (2008)
14. Z. Zhang, S.-P. Jeng, V.E. Henrich, Cation-ligand hybridization for stoichiometric and reduced
TiO 2 (110) surfaces determined by resonant photoemission. Phys. Rev. B 43(14), 12004 (1991)
15. X. Chen, L. Liu, Y.Y. Peter, S.S. Mao, Increasing solar absorption for photocatalysis with black
hydrogenated titanium dioxide nanocrystals. Science 331(6018), 746–750 (2011)
16. Z. Zhang, J.T. Yates Jr., Band bending in semiconductors: chemical and physical consequences
at surfaces and interfaces. Chem. Rev. 112(10), 5520–5551 (2012)
17. L. Li, H.-W. Tian, F.-L. Meng, X.-Y. Hu, W.-T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Defects improved
photocatalytic ability of TiO 2 . Appl. Surf. Sci. 317, 568–572 (2014)
18. M. Kuznetsov, A. Tel minov, E. Shalaeva, A. Ivanovskii, Study of adsorption of nitrogen
monoxide on the Ti (0001) surface. Phys. Metals Metallogr. c/c fizika metallov i metallovedenie
89(6), 569–580 (2000)
213
Narrowing band gap allows for extension of light adsorption to the visible and lower
work function promote electronic consumption and prevent the recombination of
photogenerated carriers.
References
1. U. Martinez, J.Ø. Hansen, E. Lira, H.H. Kristoffersen, P. Huo, R. Bechstein, E. Lægsgaard, F.
Besenbacher, B. Hammer, S. Wendt, Reduced step edges on Rutile TiO 2 (110) as competing
defects to oxygen vacancies on the terraces and reactive sites for ethanol dissociation. Phys.
Rev. Lett. 109(15), 155501 (2012)
2. S. Jin, Y. Li, H. Xie, X. Chen, T. Tian, X. Zhao, Highly selective photocatalytic and sensing
properties of 2D-ordered dome films of nano titania and nano Ag 2+ doped titania. J. Mater.
Chem. 22(4), 1469–1476 (2012)
3. A. Borodin, M. Reichling, Characterizing TiO 2 (110) surface states by their work function.
Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(34), 15442–15447 (2011)
4. M. Kong, Y. Li, X. Chen, T. Tian, P. Fang, F. Zheng, X. Zhao, Tuning the relative concentration ratio of bulk defects to surface defects in TiO 2 nanocrystals leads to high photocatalytic
efficiency. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133(41), 16414–16417 (2011)
5. J. Tao, M. Batzill, Role of surface structure on the charge trapping in TiO 2 photocatalysts. J.
Phys. Chem. Lett. 1(21), 3200–3206 (2010)
6. C.M. Yim, C.L. Pang, G. Thornton, Oxygen vacancy origin of the surface band-gap state of
TiO 2 (110). Phys. Rev. Lett. 104(3), 036806 (2010)
7. U. Diebold, The surface science of titanium dioxide. Surf. Sci. Rep. 48(5), 53–229 (2003)
8. R. Daghrir, P. Drogui, D. Robert, Modified TiO 2 for environmental photocatalytic applications:
a review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 52(10), 3581–3599 (2013)
9. K. Kollbek, M. Sikora, C. Kapusta, J. Szlachetko, K. Zakrzewska, K. Kowalski, M. Radecka,
X-ray spectroscopic methods in the studies of nonstoichiometric TiO 2−x thin films. Appl. Surf.
Sci. 281, 100–104 (2013)
10. F. Zuo, L. Wang, T. Wu, Z. Zhang, D. Borchardt, P. Feng, Self-doped Ti 3+ enhanced photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(34), 11856–11857
(2010)
11. K. Mitsuhara, H. Okumura, A. Visikovskiy, M. Takizawa, Y. Kido, The source of the Ti 3d
defect state in the band gap of rutile titania (110) surfaces. J. Chem. Phys. 136(12), 124707
(2012)
12. S. Chrétien, H. Metiu, Electronic structure of partially reduced Rutile TiO 2 (110) surface:
where are the unpaired electrons located? J. Phys. Chem. C 115(11), 4696–4705 (2011)
13. P. Krüger, S. Bourgeois, B. Domenichini, H. Magnan, D. Chandesris, P. Le Fèvre, A.M. Flank,
J. Jupille, L. Floreano, A. Cossaro, A. Verdini, A. Morgante, Defect states at the TiO 2 surface
probed by resonant photoelectron diffraction. Phys. Rev. Lett. 100(5), 055501 (2008)
14. Z. Zhang, S.-P. Jeng, V.E. Henrich, Cation-ligand hybridization for stoichiometric and reduced
TiO 2 (110) surfaces determined by resonant photoemission. Phys. Rev. B 43(14), 12004 (1991)
15. X. Chen, L. Liu, Y.Y. Peter, S.S. Mao, Increasing solar absorption for photocatalysis with black
hydrogenated titanium dioxide nanocrystals. Science 331(6018), 746–750 (2011)
16. Z. Zhang, J.T. Yates Jr., Band bending in semiconductors: chemical and physical consequences
at surfaces and interfaces. Chem. Rev. 112(10), 5520–5551 (2012)
17. L. Li, H.-W. Tian, F.-L. Meng, X.-Y. Hu, W.-T. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Defects improved
photocatalytic ability of TiO 2 . Appl. Surf. Sci. 317, 568–572 (2014)
18. M. Kuznetsov, A. Tel minov, E. Shalaeva, A. Ivanovskii, Study of adsorption of nitrogen
monoxide on the Ti (0001) surface. Phys. Metals Metallogr. c/c fizika metallov i metallovedenie
89(6), 569–580 (2000)