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48. Y. Nie, Y. Wang, X. Zhang, J. Pan, W. Zheng, C.Q. Sun, Catalytic nature of under- and heterocoordinated atoms resolved using zone-selective photoelectron spectroscopy (ZPS). Vacuum
100, 87–91 (2014)
49. D.Q. Yang, E. Sacher, Initial- and final-state effects on metal cluster/substrate interactions, as
determined by XPS: copper clusters on Dow Cyclotene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
Appl. Surf. Sci. 195(1–4), 187–195 (2002)
50. C.N.R. Rao, G.U. Kulkarni, P.J. Thomas, P.P. Edwards, Size-dependent chemistry: properties
of nanocrystals. Chem-Eur. J. 8(1), 29–35 (2002)
51. W. Qin, Y. Wang, Y.L. Huang, Z.F. Zhou, C. Yang, C.Q. Sun, Bond order resolved 3d(5/2)
and valence band chemical shifts of Ag surfaces and nanoclusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 116(30),
7892–7897 (2012)
52. Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, J.S. Pan, L. Pan, Z. Sun, C.Q. Sun, Layer and orientation resolved bond
relaxation and quantum entrapment of charge and energy at Be surfaces. Phys. Chem. Chem.
Phys. 12(39), 12753–12759 (2010)
53. Y.G. Nie, X. Zhang, S.Z. Ma, Y. Wang, J.S. Pan, C.Q. Sun, XPS revelation of tungsten edges
as a potential donor-type catalyst. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 13(27), 12640–12645 (2011)
54. K. Miyoshi, D.H. Buckley, Tribological properties and surface chemistry of silicon carbide at
temperatures to 1500 C. ASLE Trans. 26(1), 53–63 (1983)
55. C. Jiang, J. Zhu, J. Han, Z. Jia, X. Yin, Chemical bonding and optical properties of germanium–
carbon alloy films prepared by magnetron co-sputtering as a function of substrate temperature.
J. Non-Cryst. Solids 357(24), 3952–3956 (2011)
56. M. Arghavani, R. Braunstein, G. Chalmers, D. Shirun, P. Yang, XPS study of single crystal
Ge-Si alloys. Solid State Commun. 71(7), 599–601 (1989)
57. C.Q. Sun, Y. Sun, Y.G. Nie, Y. Wang, J.S. Pan, G. Ouyang, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, Coordinationresolved C–C bond length and the C 1s binding energy of carbon allotropes and the effective
atomic coordination of the few-layer graphene. J. Phys. Chem. C 113(37), 16464–16467 (2009)
58. C.Q. Sun, L.K. Pan, Y.Q. Fu, B.K. Tay, S. Li, Size dependence of the 2p-level shift of nanosolid
silicon. J. Phys. Chem. B 107(22), 5113–5115 (2003)
59. X.J. Liu, M.L. Bo, X. Zhang, L. Li, Y.G. Nie, H. Tian, Y. Sun, S. Xu, Y. Wang, W. Zheng, C.Q.
Sun, Coordination-resolved electron spectrometrics. Chem. Rev. 115(14), 6746–6810 (2015)
60. L. Vegard, H. Schjelderup, Constitution of mixed crystals. Physik Z 18, 93–96 (1917)
61. C. Kittel, Introduction to Solid State Physics, 8th edn. (Willey, New York, 2005)
62. F. Ringeisen, J. Derrien, E. Daugy, J. Layet, P. Mathiez, F. Salvan, Formation and properties
of the copper silicon (111) interface. J. Vac. Sci. Technol., B 1(3), 546–552 (1983)
63. C.Q. Sun, Y. Wang, Y.G. Nie, Y. Sun, J.S. Pan, L.K. Pan, Z. Sun, Adatoms-induced local bond
contraction, quantum trap depression, and charge polarization at Pt and Rh surfaces. J. Phys.
Chem. C 113(52), 21889–21894 (2009)
64. A. Tamtögl, M. Kratzer, J. Killman, A. Winkler, Adsorption/desorption of H 2 and CO on
Zn-modified Pd(111). J. Chem. Phys. 129(22), 224706 (2008)
65. A. de Siervo, E.A. Soares, R. Landers, G.G. Kleiman, Photoelectron diffraction studies of Cu
on Pd(111) random surface alloys. Phys. Rev. B 71(11), 115417 (2005)
66. A. de Siervo, R. Paniago, E.A. Soares, H.D. Pfannes, R. Landers, G.G. Kleiman, Growth study
of Cu/Pd(111) by RHEED and XPS. Surf. Sci. 575(1–2), 217–222 (2005)
