136
6 Atomic Chains, Clusters, and Nanocrystals
5. C.Q. Sun, Surface and nanosolid core-level shift: Impact of atomic coordination-number
imperfection. Phys. Rev. B 69(4), 045105 (2004)
6. B. Balamurugan, T. Maruyama, Size-modified d bands and associated interband absorption
of Ag nanoparticies. J. Appl. Phys. 102(3), 034306 (2007)
7. M. Reif, L. Glaser, M. Martins, W. Wurth, Size-dependent properties of small deposited
chromium clusters by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 155405 (2005)
8. B. Balamurugan, T. Maruyama, Inhomogeneous effect of particle size on core-level and
valence-band electrons: size-dependent electronic structure of Cu 3 N nanoparticles. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 89, 033112 (2006)
9. S. Kim, M.C. Kim, S.H. Choi, K.J. Kim, H.N. Hwang, and C.C. Hwang, Size dependence
of Si 2p core-level shift at Si nanocrystal/SiO 2 interfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(10), 103113
(2007)
10. X. Zhang, J.L. Kuo, M.X. Gu, X.F. Fan, P. Bai, Q.G. Song, C.Q. Sun, Local structure relaxation,
quantum trap depression, and valence charge polarization induced by the shorter-and-stronger
bonds between under-coordinated atoms in gold nanostructures. Nanoscale 2(3), 412–417
(2010)
11. S. Ahmadi, X. Zhang, Y. Gong, C.H. Chia, C.Q. Sun, Skin-resolved local bond contraction,
core electron entrapment, and valence charge polarization of Ag and Cu nanoclusters. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(19), 8940–8948 (2014)
12. T. Ohgi, D. Fujita, Consistent size dependency of core-level binding energy shifts and singleelectron tunneling effects in supported gold nanoclusters. Phys. Rev. B 66(11), 115410 (2002)
13. A. Kara, T.S. Rahman, Vibrational properties of metallic nanocrystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(7),
1453–1456 (1998)
14. P.J. Feibelman, Relaxation of hcp(0001) surfaces: A chemical view. Phys. Rev. B 53(20),
13740–13746 (1996)
15. B. Richter, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, P.S. Bagus, Cluster core-level binding-energy shifts:
the role of lattice strain. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(2), 026805 (2004)
16. J. Nanda, D.D. Sarma, Photoemission spectroscopy of size selected zinc sulfide nanocrystallites. J. Appl. Phys. 90(5), 2504–2510 (2001)
17. E. Grüneisen, The state of a body, in Handbook of Physics, vol. 10, 1–52 (NASA translation
RE2-18-59W)
18. W. Qin, Y. Wang, Y.L. Huang, Z.F. Zhou, C. Yang, C.Q. Sun, Bond order resolved 3d(5/2)
and valence band chemical shifts of Ag surfaces and nanoclusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 116(30),
7892–7897 (2012)
19. C.Q. Sun, L.K. Pan, H.L. Bai, Z.Q. Li, P. Wu, E.Y. Jiang, Effects of surface passivation and
interfacial reaction on the size-dependent 2p-level shift of supported copper nanosolids. Acta
Mater. 51(15), 4631–4636 (2003)
20. J.N. Crain, D.T. Pierce, End states in one-dimensional atom chains. Science 307(5710), 703–
706 (2005)
21. K. Schouteden, E. Lijnen, D.A. Muzychenko, A. Ceulemans, L.F. Chibotaru, P. Lievens, C.V.
Haesendonck, A study of the electronic properties of Au nanowires and Au nanoislands on
Au(111) surfaces. Nanotechnology 20(39), 395401 (2009)
22. W.J. Huang, R. Sun, J. Tao, L.D. Menard, R.G. Nuzzo, J.M. Zuo, Coordination-dependent
surface atomic contraction in nanocrystals revealed by coherent diffraction. Nat. Mater. 7(4),
308–313 (2008)
23. W.H. Qi, B.Y. Huang, M.P. Wang, Bond-Length and -Energy Variation of Small Gold
Nanoparticles. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6(3), 635–639 (2009)
24. C.Q. Sun, C.M. Li, S. Li, B.K. Tay, Breaking limit of atomic distance in an impurity-free
monatomic chain. Phys. Rev. B 69(24), 245402 (2004)
25. J.T. Miller, A.J. Kropf, Y. Zha, J.R. Regalbuto, L. Delannoy, C. Louis, E. Bus, J.A. van
Bokhoven, The effect of gold particle size on Au-Au bond length and reactivity toward
oxygen in supported catalysts. J. Catal. 240(2), 222–234 (2006)
26. C.Q. Sun, Size dependence of nanostructures: Impact of bond order deficiency. Prog. Solid
State Chem. 35(1), 1–159 (2007)
6 Atomic Chains, Clusters, and Nanocrystals
5. C.Q. Sun, Surface and nanosolid core-level shift: Impact of atomic coordination-number
imperfection. Phys. Rev. B 69(4), 045105 (2004)
6. B. Balamurugan, T. Maruyama, Size-modified d bands and associated interband absorption
of Ag nanoparticies. J. Appl. Phys. 102(3), 034306 (2007)
7. M. Reif, L. Glaser, M. Martins, W. Wurth, Size-dependent properties of small deposited
chromium clusters by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. B 72(15), 155405 (2005)
8. B. Balamurugan, T. Maruyama, Inhomogeneous effect of particle size on core-level and
valence-band electrons: size-dependent electronic structure of Cu 3 N nanoparticles. Appl.
Phys. Lett. 89, 033112 (2006)
9. S. Kim, M.C. Kim, S.H. Choi, K.J. Kim, H.N. Hwang, and C.C. Hwang, Size dependence
of Si 2p core-level shift at Si nanocrystal/SiO 2 interfaces. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91(10), 103113
(2007)
10. X. Zhang, J.L. Kuo, M.X. Gu, X.F. Fan, P. Bai, Q.G. Song, C.Q. Sun, Local structure relaxation,
quantum trap depression, and valence charge polarization induced by the shorter-and-stronger
bonds between under-coordinated atoms in gold nanostructures. Nanoscale 2(3), 412–417
(2010)
11. S. Ahmadi, X. Zhang, Y. Gong, C.H. Chia, C.Q. Sun, Skin-resolved local bond contraction,
core electron entrapment, and valence charge polarization of Ag and Cu nanoclusters. Phys.
Chem. Chem. Phys. 16(19), 8940–8948 (2014)
12. T. Ohgi, D. Fujita, Consistent size dependency of core-level binding energy shifts and singleelectron tunneling effects in supported gold nanoclusters. Phys. Rev. B 66(11), 115410 (2002)
13. A. Kara, T.S. Rahman, Vibrational properties of metallic nanocrystals. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81(7),
1453–1456 (1998)
14. P.J. Feibelman, Relaxation of hcp(0001) surfaces: A chemical view. Phys. Rev. B 53(20),
13740–13746 (1996)
15. B. Richter, H. Kuhlenbeck, H.J. Freund, P.S. Bagus, Cluster core-level binding-energy shifts:
the role of lattice strain. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93(2), 026805 (2004)
16. J. Nanda, D.D. Sarma, Photoemission spectroscopy of size selected zinc sulfide nanocrystallites. J. Appl. Phys. 90(5), 2504–2510 (2001)
17. E. Grüneisen, The state of a body, in Handbook of Physics, vol. 10, 1–52 (NASA translation
RE2-18-59W)
18. W. Qin, Y. Wang, Y.L. Huang, Z.F. Zhou, C. Yang, C.Q. Sun, Bond order resolved 3d(5/2)
and valence band chemical shifts of Ag surfaces and nanoclusters. J. Phys. Chem. A 116(30),
7892–7897 (2012)
19. C.Q. Sun, L.K. Pan, H.L. Bai, Z.Q. Li, P. Wu, E.Y. Jiang, Effects of surface passivation and
interfacial reaction on the size-dependent 2p-level shift of supported copper nanosolids. Acta
Mater. 51(15), 4631–4636 (2003)
20. J.N. Crain, D.T. Pierce, End states in one-dimensional atom chains. Science 307(5710), 703–
706 (2005)
21. K. Schouteden, E. Lijnen, D.A. Muzychenko, A. Ceulemans, L.F. Chibotaru, P. Lievens, C.V.
Haesendonck, A study of the electronic properties of Au nanowires and Au nanoislands on
Au(111) surfaces. Nanotechnology 20(39), 395401 (2009)
22. W.J. Huang, R. Sun, J. Tao, L.D. Menard, R.G. Nuzzo, J.M. Zuo, Coordination-dependent
surface atomic contraction in nanocrystals revealed by coherent diffraction. Nat. Mater. 7(4),
308–313 (2008)
23. W.H. Qi, B.Y. Huang, M.P. Wang, Bond-Length and -Energy Variation of Small Gold
Nanoparticles. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 6(3), 635–639 (2009)
24. C.Q. Sun, C.M. Li, S. Li, B.K. Tay, Breaking limit of atomic distance in an impurity-free
monatomic chain. Phys. Rev. B 69(24), 245402 (2004)
25. J.T. Miller, A.J. Kropf, Y. Zha, J.R. Regalbuto, L. Delannoy, C. Louis, E. Bus, J.A. van
Bokhoven, The effect of gold particle size on Au-Au bond length and reactivity toward
oxygen in supported catalysts. J. Catal. 240(2), 222–234 (2006)
26. C.Q. Sun, Size dependence of nanostructures: Impact of bond order deficiency. Prog. Solid
State Chem. 35(1), 1–159 (2007)