Hope GS (2015) Peat in the mountains of New Guinea. Mires Peat 15:1–21
IPCC (2014) 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories: wetlands task force on national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC, Geneva
IPCC (2019) Wetlands. In: Calvo-Bruendia E, Tanabe K, Krancj A et al (eds) 2019 Refinement to
the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC, Geneva, pp 1–52
Ishikura K, Hirata R, Hirano T et al (2019) Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from peat soil in
an undrained tropical peat swamp forest. Ecosystems 22:1852–1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-019-00376-8
Itoh M, Okimoto Y, Hirano T, Kusin K (2017) Factors affecting oxidative peat decomposition due
to land use in tropical peat swamp forests in Indonesia. Sci Total Environ 609:906–915. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.132
KLHK (2014) Potensi Sumber Daya Hutan dari Plot Invebtarisasi hutan Nasional. Kementerian
Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jakarta
Könönen M, Jauhiainen J, Straková P et al (2018) Deforested and drained tropical peatland sites
show poorer peat substrate quality and lower microbial biomass and activity than unmanaged
swamp forest. Soil Biol Biochem 123:229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.04.028
Kuswanto H, Setiawan D, Sopaheluwakan A (2019) Clustering of precipitation pattern in Indonesia
using TRMM Satellite Data. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 9:4484–4489
Morley RJ (1981) Development and vegetation dynamics of a lowland ombrogenous peat swamp in
Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. J Biogeogr 8:383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2844758
Morley RJ (2013) Cenozoic ecological history of South East Asian peat mires based on the
comparison of coals with present day and Late Quaternary peats. J Limnol 72(s2):36–59.
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e3
Nugroho K, Sulaeman Y, Wahyunto, Rintung S (2014) Indonesian peatland map. Indonesian
Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development
Page SE, Rieley JO, Shotyk W, Weiss D (1999) Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical
peat swamp forest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 354:1885–1897. https://doi.org/10.
1098/rstb.1999.0529
Page SE, Wűst RAJ, Weiss D et al (2004) A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon
accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics. J Quat Sci 19:625–635. https://doi.org/10.
1002/jqs.884
Purnomo H, Okarda B, Ayu A et al (2018) Forest policy and economics reducing forest and land
fires through good palm oil value chain. For Policy Econ 91:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
forpol.2017.12.014
Rieley JO, Page S, Page (2016) Tropical peatland of the world. In: Osaki M, Tsuji N (eds) Tropical
peatland ecosystems, 1st edn. Springer, Tokyo, pp 3–32
Sangok FE, Maie N, Melling L, Watanabe A (2017) Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical
forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. Sci Total Environ 587–588:381–388.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.165
Sinclair AL, Graham LLBB, Putra EI et al (2020) Effects of distance from canal and degradation
history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland. Sci Total Environ 699:134199.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Histosols. In: Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, Washington, DC, pp 167–172
Subardja D, Ritung S, Anda M et al (2014) Petunjuk Teknis Klasifikasi Tanah Nasional, Edisi ke-2.
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian, Bogor
Tonks AJ, Aplin P, Beriro DJ et al (2017) Impacts of conversion of tropical peat swamp forest to oil
palm plantation on peat organic chemistry, physical properties and carbon stocks. Geoderma
289:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.018
Verwer C, Van Der Meer P (2010) Carbon pools in tropical peat forest. Wageningen
474
G. Anshari
IPCC (2014) 2013 Supplement to the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories: wetlands task force on national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC, Geneva
IPCC (2019) Wetlands. In: Calvo-Bruendia E, Tanabe K, Krancj A et al (eds) 2019 Refinement to
the 2006 IPCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories. IPCC, Geneva, pp 1–52
Ishikura K, Hirata R, Hirano T et al (2019) Carbon dioxide and methane emissions from peat soil in
an undrained tropical peat swamp forest. Ecosystems 22:1852–1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/
s10021-019-00376-8
Itoh M, Okimoto Y, Hirano T, Kusin K (2017) Factors affecting oxidative peat decomposition due
to land use in tropical peat swamp forests in Indonesia. Sci Total Environ 609:906–915. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.132
KLHK (2014) Potensi Sumber Daya Hutan dari Plot Invebtarisasi hutan Nasional. Kementerian
Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Jakarta
Könönen M, Jauhiainen J, Straková P et al (2018) Deforested and drained tropical peatland sites
show poorer peat substrate quality and lower microbial biomass and activity than unmanaged
swamp forest. Soil Biol Biochem 123:229–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.04.028
Kuswanto H, Setiawan D, Sopaheluwakan A (2019) Clustering of precipitation pattern in Indonesia
using TRMM Satellite Data. Eng Technol Appl Sci Res 9:4484–4489
Morley RJ (1981) Development and vegetation dynamics of a lowland ombrogenous peat swamp in
Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia. J Biogeogr 8:383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2844758
Morley RJ (2013) Cenozoic ecological history of South East Asian peat mires based on the
comparison of coals with present day and Late Quaternary peats. J Limnol 72(s2):36–59.
https://doi.org/10.4081/jlimnol.2013.s2.e3
Nugroho K, Sulaeman Y, Wahyunto, Rintung S (2014) Indonesian peatland map. Indonesian
Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development
Page SE, Rieley JO, Shotyk W, Weiss D (1999) Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical
peat swamp forest. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 354:1885–1897. https://doi.org/10.
1098/rstb.1999.0529
Page SE, Wűst RAJ, Weiss D et al (2004) A record of Late Pleistocene and Holocene carbon
accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Indonesia): implications for past, present and future carbon dynamics. J Quat Sci 19:625–635. https://doi.org/10.
1002/jqs.884
Purnomo H, Okarda B, Ayu A et al (2018) Forest policy and economics reducing forest and land
fires through good palm oil value chain. For Policy Econ 91:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
forpol.2017.12.014
Rieley JO, Page S, Page (2016) Tropical peatland of the world. In: Osaki M, Tsuji N (eds) Tropical
peatland ecosystems, 1st edn. Springer, Tokyo, pp 3–32
Sangok FE, Maie N, Melling L, Watanabe A (2017) Evaluation on the decomposability of tropical
forest peat soils after conversion to an oil palm plantation. Sci Total Environ 587–588:381–388.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.165
Sinclair AL, Graham LLBB, Putra EI et al (2020) Effects of distance from canal and degradation
history on peat bulk density in a degraded tropical peatland. Sci Total Environ 699:134199.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134199
Soil Survey Staff (2014) Histosols. In: Keys to soil taxonomy, 12th edn. USDA, Natural Resources
Conservation Service, Washington, DC, pp 167–172
Subardja D, Ritung S, Anda M et al (2014) Petunjuk Teknis Klasifikasi Tanah Nasional, Edisi ke-2.
Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan
Pengembangan Pertanian, Bogor
Tonks AJ, Aplin P, Beriro DJ et al (2017) Impacts of conversion of tropical peat swamp forest to oil
palm plantation on peat organic chemistry, physical properties and carbon stocks. Geoderma
289:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2016.11.018
Verwer C, Van Der Meer P (2010) Carbon pools in tropical peat forest. Wageningen
474
G. Anshari