Chen B, Zhou D, Zhu L (2008) Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic
contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures. Environ Sci
Technol 42:5137–5143
Clough TJ, Condron LM, Kammann C, Müller C (2013) A review of biochar and soil nitrogen
dynamics. Agronomy 3:275–293. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3020275
Dariah A, Heryani N (2014) Pemberdayaan lahan kering suboptimal untuk mendukung kebijakan
diversifikasi dan ketahanan pangan. J Sumberd Lahan Ed Khusus:1–16. https://doi.org/10.2018/
jsdl.v8i3.6477
Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P (2009) Physical properties of biochar. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S
(eds) Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Earthscan, London, pp
13–32
Endriani E, Kurniawan A (2018) Konservasi tanah dan karbon melalui pemanfaatan biochar pada
pertanaman kedelai. J Ilmiah Ilmu Terap Univ Jambi 2(2):93–106
Farrell M, Kuhn TK, Macdonald LM, Maddern TM, Murphy HPA, Singh BP, Baumann K, Krull
ES, Baldock JA (2013) Microbial utilization of biochar – derivate carbon. Sci Total Environ
465:288–297
Fidel RB, Laird DA, Parkin TB (2019) Effect of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions at the
laboratory and field scales. Soil Syst 3(8):1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010008
Fraser B (2010) High-tech charcoal fights climate change. Environ Sci Technol 44:548
Gao S, DeLuca TH (2016) Influence of biochar on soil nutrient transformations, nutrient leaching,
and crop yield. Adv Plants Agric Res 4(5):1–16
Ge Y, Zhang JB, Zhang LM, Yang M, He JZ (2008) Long-term fertilization regimes affect bacterial
community structure and diversity of an agricultural soil in northern China. J Soils Sediments
8:43–50
Githinji L (2014) Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a
sandy loam. Arch Agron Soil Sci 60:457–470
Güereña DT, Lehmann J, Enders ET, Karanja N, Neufeldt H (2015) Partitioning the contributions
of biochar properties to enhanced biological nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris). Biol Fertil Soils 51(4):479–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0990-z
Gul S, Whalen JK, Thomas BW, Sachdeva V, Deng HY (2015) Physico-chemical properties and
microbial responses in biochar amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions. Agric Ecosyst
Environ 206:46–59
Hairani A (2016) Effect of biochar application on soil and plant. Theses (doctoral), Hokkaido
University. https://doi.org/10.14943/doctoral.k12429
Hatta M (2016). Pengelolaan drainase dan pemberian arang hayati untuk meningkatkan
produktivitas padi lahan pasang surut bukaan baru di Kalimantan barat. In: Prosiding Seminar
Nasional. Pengelolaan dan peningkatan kualitas lahan suboptimal untuk mendukung
terwujudnya ketahanan dan kedaulatan pangan nasional (Pemanfaatan biochar untuk perbaikan
kualitas tanah dan pertanian berlanjut), Universitas Panca Bhakti Pontianak, pp 191–200
Knowles OA, Robinson BH, Contangelo A, Clucas L (2011) Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate
leaching from soil amended with biosolids. Sci Total Environ 409:3206–3210
Koutcheiko S, Monreal CM, Kodama H, McCracken T, Kotlyar L (2007) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from the thermo-chemical conversion of chicken manure.
Bioresour Technol 98:2459–2464
Krull ES, Baldock JA, Skjemstad JO, Smernik RJ (2009) Characteristics of biochar: organochemical properties. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for environmental management
science and technology. Earthscan, Abingdon, 631p
Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H, Bogomolova I, Xu X (2009) Black carbon decomposition and
incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling. Soil Biol Biochem
41:210–219
Laborda F, Monistrol IF, Luna N, Fernandez M (1999) Processes of liquefaction/solubilization of
Spanish coals by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52:49–56
11 Biochar for the Improvement of Peatland and Suboptimal Land
357
contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures. Environ Sci
Technol 42:5137–5143
Clough TJ, Condron LM, Kammann C, Müller C (2013) A review of biochar and soil nitrogen
dynamics. Agronomy 3:275–293. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3020275
Dariah A, Heryani N (2014) Pemberdayaan lahan kering suboptimal untuk mendukung kebijakan
diversifikasi dan ketahanan pangan. J Sumberd Lahan Ed Khusus:1–16. https://doi.org/10.2018/
jsdl.v8i3.6477
Downie A, Crosky A, Munroe P (2009) Physical properties of biochar. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S
(eds) Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. Earthscan, London, pp
13–32
Endriani E, Kurniawan A (2018) Konservasi tanah dan karbon melalui pemanfaatan biochar pada
pertanaman kedelai. J Ilmiah Ilmu Terap Univ Jambi 2(2):93–106
Farrell M, Kuhn TK, Macdonald LM, Maddern TM, Murphy HPA, Singh BP, Baumann K, Krull
ES, Baldock JA (2013) Microbial utilization of biochar – derivate carbon. Sci Total Environ
465:288–297
Fidel RB, Laird DA, Parkin TB (2019) Effect of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions at the
laboratory and field scales. Soil Syst 3(8):1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems3010008
Fraser B (2010) High-tech charcoal fights climate change. Environ Sci Technol 44:548
Gao S, DeLuca TH (2016) Influence of biochar on soil nutrient transformations, nutrient leaching,
and crop yield. Adv Plants Agric Res 4(5):1–16
Ge Y, Zhang JB, Zhang LM, Yang M, He JZ (2008) Long-term fertilization regimes affect bacterial
community structure and diversity of an agricultural soil in northern China. J Soils Sediments
8:43–50
Githinji L (2014) Effect of biochar application rate on soil physical and hydraulic properties of a
sandy loam. Arch Agron Soil Sci 60:457–470
Güereña DT, Lehmann J, Enders ET, Karanja N, Neufeldt H (2015) Partitioning the contributions
of biochar properties to enhanced biological nitrogen fixation in common bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris). Biol Fertil Soils 51(4):479–491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0990-z
Gul S, Whalen JK, Thomas BW, Sachdeva V, Deng HY (2015) Physico-chemical properties and
microbial responses in biochar amended soils: Mechanisms and future directions. Agric Ecosyst
Environ 206:46–59
Hairani A (2016) Effect of biochar application on soil and plant. Theses (doctoral), Hokkaido
University. https://doi.org/10.14943/doctoral.k12429
Hatta M (2016). Pengelolaan drainase dan pemberian arang hayati untuk meningkatkan
produktivitas padi lahan pasang surut bukaan baru di Kalimantan barat. In: Prosiding Seminar
Nasional. Pengelolaan dan peningkatan kualitas lahan suboptimal untuk mendukung
terwujudnya ketahanan dan kedaulatan pangan nasional (Pemanfaatan biochar untuk perbaikan
kualitas tanah dan pertanian berlanjut), Universitas Panca Bhakti Pontianak, pp 191–200
Knowles OA, Robinson BH, Contangelo A, Clucas L (2011) Biochar for the mitigation of nitrate
leaching from soil amended with biosolids. Sci Total Environ 409:3206–3210
Koutcheiko S, Monreal CM, Kodama H, McCracken T, Kotlyar L (2007) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon derived from the thermo-chemical conversion of chicken manure.
Bioresour Technol 98:2459–2464
Krull ES, Baldock JA, Skjemstad JO, Smernik RJ (2009) Characteristics of biochar: organochemical properties. In: Lehmann J, Joseph S (eds) Biochar for environmental management
science and technology. Earthscan, Abingdon, 631p
Kuzyakov Y, Subbotina I, Chen H, Bogomolova I, Xu X (2009) Black carbon decomposition and
incorporation into soil microbial biomass estimated by 14C labeling. Soil Biol Biochem
41:210–219
Laborda F, Monistrol IF, Luna N, Fernandez M (1999) Processes of liquefaction/solubilization of
Spanish coals by microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 52:49–56
11 Biochar for the Improvement of Peatland and Suboptimal Land
357