7.4.3.2 Zeolite
Zeolite is a crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate of alkali and alkaline earth cations
with an infinite, open, three-dimensional structure. It is able to lose and gain water
reversibly and to exchange framework cations, both without a change in crystal
structure (Mumpton 1999; Ramesh and Damodar 2011). The natural zeolite of the
clinoptilolite type, such as that of Bayah-Banten-Indonesian origin, is one of the
world’s most abundantly occurring and most abundantly used zeolitic minerals
(Rehakova et al. 2004). Zeolites are a type of inclusion compound. These minerals
are hydrated aluminosilicates, characterized by three-dimensional networks of SiO 4
and AlO 4 tetrahedra that are linked by the sharing of all oxygen atoms. Partial
substitution, so-called isomorphic substitution, results in an excess of negative
charge, which is compensated for by alkali and earth alkaline cations. These cations
are located with the water molecules in cavities and channels inside the aluminosilicate macroanion framework (Schollhorn 1984). Possessing a molecular sieve characteristic, this mineral has been widely reported to be capable of (a) potentially
absorbing water, nutrients, and greenhouse gases (GHGs), (b) improving available
water (Cairo et al. 2017), and (c) enhancing the CEC of soils. In addition, this
mineral is also widely applied for industrial uses, including water purification and
odor removal (Goenadi 2004).
7.5 On-Farm Trial of AeroHydro Culture
Nutrient and oxygen application are key for high ground water level cultivation in
peatlands. From there, we developed new innovative culture systems, such as
(1) high GWL cultivation, (2) nutrient/oxygen application from the land surface,
and (3) symbiotic systems. The AeroHydro culture system involves:
1. High ground water level (20–30 cm)
2. High moisture levels on the land surface with canopy formation
3. Porous structure materials such as biochar and zeolite
4. Natural composts of palm fronds or cover crops
5. Slow-release K
+ fertilization
6. Plant growth-promoting substances (humic & fulvic acids, etc.)
7. Microorganisms
7.5.1 Introduction for Instruction Manual
Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia occupy low-altitude, subcoastal locations that
extend inland to a distance up to 300 km. The depth of the peat varies from 0.5 to
more than 10 m. The color of the freshly exposed peat is usually reddish-brown;
268
R. I. Wetadewi et al.
Zeolite is a crystalline, hydrated aluminosilicate of alkali and alkaline earth cations
with an infinite, open, three-dimensional structure. It is able to lose and gain water
reversibly and to exchange framework cations, both without a change in crystal
structure (Mumpton 1999; Ramesh and Damodar 2011). The natural zeolite of the
clinoptilolite type, such as that of Bayah-Banten-Indonesian origin, is one of the
world’s most abundantly occurring and most abundantly used zeolitic minerals
(Rehakova et al. 2004). Zeolites are a type of inclusion compound. These minerals
are hydrated aluminosilicates, characterized by three-dimensional networks of SiO 4
and AlO 4 tetrahedra that are linked by the sharing of all oxygen atoms. Partial
substitution, so-called isomorphic substitution, results in an excess of negative
charge, which is compensated for by alkali and earth alkaline cations. These cations
are located with the water molecules in cavities and channels inside the aluminosilicate macroanion framework (Schollhorn 1984). Possessing a molecular sieve characteristic, this mineral has been widely reported to be capable of (a) potentially
absorbing water, nutrients, and greenhouse gases (GHGs), (b) improving available
water (Cairo et al. 2017), and (c) enhancing the CEC of soils. In addition, this
mineral is also widely applied for industrial uses, including water purification and
odor removal (Goenadi 2004).
7.5 On-Farm Trial of AeroHydro Culture
Nutrient and oxygen application are key for high ground water level cultivation in
peatlands. From there, we developed new innovative culture systems, such as
(1) high GWL cultivation, (2) nutrient/oxygen application from the land surface,
and (3) symbiotic systems. The AeroHydro culture system involves:
1. High ground water level (20–30 cm)
2. High moisture levels on the land surface with canopy formation
3. Porous structure materials such as biochar and zeolite
4. Natural composts of palm fronds or cover crops
5. Slow-release K
+ fertilization
6. Plant growth-promoting substances (humic & fulvic acids, etc.)
7. Microorganisms
7.5.1 Introduction for Instruction Manual
Tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia occupy low-altitude, subcoastal locations that
extend inland to a distance up to 300 km. The depth of the peat varies from 0.5 to
more than 10 m. The color of the freshly exposed peat is usually reddish-brown;
268
R. I. Wetadewi et al.