3D-photogrammetry technology using UAVs. Because LiDAR is also a technology
used in car crash prevention and is currently decreasing in size and increasingly
mass-produced, it might be mounted on a UAV and used in topographic surveys
quite soon.
Information technology (IT) and the internet of things (IoT) may offer effective
and efficient peatland management practices in the near future. By combining other
developing technologies such as 3D photogrammetry, microsatellites, the geographic information system (GIS), and artificial intelligence (AI), other innovations
for better peatland planning and management are anticipated (Fig. 5.18). The cost of
GIS software is lower than ever before, and its capabilities have advanced into a
powerful system. It has become possible to create maps for various uses that are easy
to analyze by overlaying different types of data and information, making it an
essential tool for land-use planning. Additionally, the peatland management plan
developed by GIS can be reproduced in three dimensions using a 3D printer.
To ensure that new technologies, including GIS, are used effectively, it is
essential to develop human resources, i.e., capacity building, that can use the
available data and information to analyze and develop land-use plans for peatland
management.
5.8 Innovation in the Carbon Economy
Monitoring has recently become inceasingly important. The United Nations Framework Conservation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) workshop was held on 24–25 October 2013 in Bonn, Germany, and focused on “technical and scientific aspects
of ecosystems with high-carbon reservoirs not covered by other agenda items under
the convention” (UNFCCC Workshop 2013). The reports from this workshop and
presentations are available at “Report on the Workshop on Technical and Scientific
Aspects of Ecosystems with High-Carbon Reservoirs not Covered by Other Agenda
Items under the Convention.” In the session summary on “Current Scientific and
Technical Knowledge of High Carbon Content Ecosystems,” the World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEPWCMC) looked at global patterns of the three major carbon pools: above-ground
biomass, below-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon. The global map produced
by Ruesch and Gibbs (2008) shows that large amounts of carbon are stored in the
tropics (mostly as biomass), in high-latitude ecosystems where the stocks are largely
located in permanently frozen layers of soil (permafrost), and in peat. Also
highlighted in the workshop was the need for an improved understanding of the
spatial variation in soil organic carbon stocks (including coastal sediments). Soil
organic carbon stocks are estimated to be two to three times larger than the
atmospheric carbon content, and the data are still highly uncertain, particularly for
permafrost, peatlands, and selected coastal sediments. We need to conduct MRV
activity to obtain more information. After this UNFCCC workshop, three
5 Evaluation of Eco-Management of Tropical Peatlands
189
used in car crash prevention and is currently decreasing in size and increasingly
mass-produced, it might be mounted on a UAV and used in topographic surveys
quite soon.
Information technology (IT) and the internet of things (IoT) may offer effective
and efficient peatland management practices in the near future. By combining other
developing technologies such as 3D photogrammetry, microsatellites, the geographic information system (GIS), and artificial intelligence (AI), other innovations
for better peatland planning and management are anticipated (Fig. 5.18). The cost of
GIS software is lower than ever before, and its capabilities have advanced into a
powerful system. It has become possible to create maps for various uses that are easy
to analyze by overlaying different types of data and information, making it an
essential tool for land-use planning. Additionally, the peatland management plan
developed by GIS can be reproduced in three dimensions using a 3D printer.
To ensure that new technologies, including GIS, are used effectively, it is
essential to develop human resources, i.e., capacity building, that can use the
available data and information to analyze and develop land-use plans for peatland
management.
5.8 Innovation in the Carbon Economy
Monitoring has recently become inceasingly important. The United Nations Framework Conservation on Climate Change (UNFCCC) workshop was held on 24–25 October 2013 in Bonn, Germany, and focused on “technical and scientific aspects
of ecosystems with high-carbon reservoirs not covered by other agenda items under
the convention” (UNFCCC Workshop 2013). The reports from this workshop and
presentations are available at “Report on the Workshop on Technical and Scientific
Aspects of Ecosystems with High-Carbon Reservoirs not Covered by Other Agenda
Items under the Convention.” In the session summary on “Current Scientific and
Technical Knowledge of High Carbon Content Ecosystems,” the World Conservation Monitoring Centre of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEPWCMC) looked at global patterns of the three major carbon pools: above-ground
biomass, below-ground biomass, and soil organic carbon. The global map produced
by Ruesch and Gibbs (2008) shows that large amounts of carbon are stored in the
tropics (mostly as biomass), in high-latitude ecosystems where the stocks are largely
located in permanently frozen layers of soil (permafrost), and in peat. Also
highlighted in the workshop was the need for an improved understanding of the
spatial variation in soil organic carbon stocks (including coastal sediments). Soil
organic carbon stocks are estimated to be two to three times larger than the
atmospheric carbon content, and the data are still highly uncertain, particularly for
permafrost, peatlands, and selected coastal sediments. We need to conduct MRV
activity to obtain more information. After this UNFCCC workshop, three
5 Evaluation of Eco-Management of Tropical Peatlands
189