One emergent property of the model that was of interest concerned the time that it
would take for the target (a reduction in kilometres driven by conventional vehicles)
to be reached. This required all the actors to align their decisions. The results were
UCC
(a)
(b)
EV delivery
pay UCC/EV delivery
pay carrier +
carbon credits
Fig. 2.3 Lay-out of city
logistics case
Fig. 2.4 Interrelated decisions of actors. Legend: review frequencies
24
L. Tavasszy