4 Case Analysis and Results
In the current study, in order to evaluate the performance of manufacturing organizations, four different organizations are taken, and one expert each from the participating organizations is asked to participate in the survey. The methodology used for
collecting data from the experts is panel consensus method for ISM and BWM. For
VIKOR, individual ratings are obtained from each expert, and results are aggregated
by taking average of their ratings. The panel consensus method involves inviting all
the experts together for a panel discussion, where they can discuss and deliberate
upon common option (rating) after mutual consensus of each of the expert. It has the
advantage that it is time-saving in the sense that all the experts are at one place and
also decision is with the consent of each of the expert. Also, it is convenient for
researcher to collect data from a single place rather than moving to different places to
meet different experts. The aggregate method for data collection is adopted for
VIKOR because in the organizations are different, and it is very difficult to get
same opinion for all the experts for four different organizations performance, and
hence panel consensus will not work here. This method has advantage over panel
consensus that it allows the decision-maker to make decisions individually and not
under the influence of other experts who might be senior to him and might cause his
influence on the decision-maker thus creating a bias in the results. The profiles of the
various experts are as follows: Expert 1 is a senior manager of operations and
maintenance at a leading automobile company and has around 8 years of experience;
Expert 2 is an associate general manager of supply chain and procurement at
a leading automobile company with about 14 years of experience; Expert 3 is a
manager of operations and also manager in charge of environmental activities at a
leading plastic component manufacturing organization, he has about 10 years of
experience; and Expert 4 is a senior manager of procurement at a leading steel
manufacturing organization with 12 years of experience.
Through extensive literature review, 11 internal barriers to green innovation are
identified, and as mentioned in Section 3.1, the panel of experts is asked to give their
preference ratings to form the structural self-interaction matrix as shown in
Table 8.3.
Using the rules mentioned in Sect. 3.1, the structural self-interaction matrix is
converted into initial reachability matrix as shown in Table 8.4.
After obtaining initial reachability matrix, the rules of transitivity are applied to
obtain a final reachability matrix as shown in Table 8.5. This final reachability matrix
is also used to obtain driving and dependence power of the barriers by summating
the number of “1” in rows and columns, respectively.
The next step is to do level portioning. Level partitioning is done by obtaining
reachability and antecedent sets as explained in Section 3. The reachability set is
prepared by taking the driving power values from final reachability matrix; all the
variables having driving power value as “1” are included in reachability set. Similarly, antecedent set is prepared by considering the dependence power for that
particular variable; all the corresponding variables having dependence power value
8 Evaluation of Manufacturing Organizations Ability to Overcome Internal Barriers. . .
149
In the current study, in order to evaluate the performance of manufacturing organizations, four different organizations are taken, and one expert each from the participating organizations is asked to participate in the survey. The methodology used for
collecting data from the experts is panel consensus method for ISM and BWM. For
VIKOR, individual ratings are obtained from each expert, and results are aggregated
by taking average of their ratings. The panel consensus method involves inviting all
the experts together for a panel discussion, where they can discuss and deliberate
upon common option (rating) after mutual consensus of each of the expert. It has the
advantage that it is time-saving in the sense that all the experts are at one place and
also decision is with the consent of each of the expert. Also, it is convenient for
researcher to collect data from a single place rather than moving to different places to
meet different experts. The aggregate method for data collection is adopted for
VIKOR because in the organizations are different, and it is very difficult to get
same opinion for all the experts for four different organizations performance, and
hence panel consensus will not work here. This method has advantage over panel
consensus that it allows the decision-maker to make decisions individually and not
under the influence of other experts who might be senior to him and might cause his
influence on the decision-maker thus creating a bias in the results. The profiles of the
various experts are as follows: Expert 1 is a senior manager of operations and
maintenance at a leading automobile company and has around 8 years of experience;
Expert 2 is an associate general manager of supply chain and procurement at
a leading automobile company with about 14 years of experience; Expert 3 is a
manager of operations and also manager in charge of environmental activities at a
leading plastic component manufacturing organization, he has about 10 years of
experience; and Expert 4 is a senior manager of procurement at a leading steel
manufacturing organization with 12 years of experience.
Through extensive literature review, 11 internal barriers to green innovation are
identified, and as mentioned in Section 3.1, the panel of experts is asked to give their
preference ratings to form the structural self-interaction matrix as shown in
Table 8.3.
Using the rules mentioned in Sect. 3.1, the structural self-interaction matrix is
converted into initial reachability matrix as shown in Table 8.4.
After obtaining initial reachability matrix, the rules of transitivity are applied to
obtain a final reachability matrix as shown in Table 8.5. This final reachability matrix
is also used to obtain driving and dependence power of the barriers by summating
the number of “1” in rows and columns, respectively.
The next step is to do level portioning. Level partitioning is done by obtaining
reachability and antecedent sets as explained in Section 3. The reachability set is
prepared by taking the driving power values from final reachability matrix; all the
variables having driving power value as “1” are included in reachability set. Similarly, antecedent set is prepared by considering the dependence power for that
particular variable; all the corresponding variables having dependence power value
8 Evaluation of Manufacturing Organizations Ability to Overcome Internal Barriers. . .
149