2.1 Research Gaps and Problem Formulation
Most of the past studies on green innovation have focused on few factors at a time
and are often limited to finding the effect of one barrier on other; there is no such
study to first find the interdependence relationship among barriers and also to rank
these barriers. Further most of the studies have taken both internal and external
barriers that limit the adoption of green innovations in the organization, and there is
no such study on firms’ internal barriers to green innovation implementation. Also
there is no study to evaluate organizations performance on the basis of internal
barriers to green innovation. This study aims to first find the hierarchal structure and
dependence relationship among identified barriers and then rank these barriers and
finally using weights of these barriers evaluate organizations and rank them. Organizations and decision-makers need to have a framework through which they can
identify barriers to green innovation in general and also specific to their organizations and also to evaluate their performance on these barriers. This chapter presents
that framework for decision-makers to evaluate their organizations on green and
sustainability innovation barriers.
3 Methodology
This study involves a three-phase multi-criteria decision-making methodology
(MCDM). MCDM techniques deal with the issue of obtaining the best possible
solution from a set of multiple criteria. Often the problem with large number of
criteria is that no single criteria is available that can dominate all the criteria; thus
decision-makers don’t have a clear-cut solution to their problem, and hence they
require a structured methodology to find the best solution (Hafezalkotob et al. 2019).
The major objective if this research is to rank the manufacturing organizations on the
basis of their performance to handle internal barriers to green innovation. For
selection of internal barriers for this framework, authors want to select the barriers
with highest driving power. To meet this objective, this study has selected three
different methodologies, ISM (interpretive structural modeling) is selected for
obtaining a hierarchical structure of the finalized barriers and also categorizing
these barriers according to their driving power. Next step uses BWM (Best-Worst
Method) for ranking the selected barriers (after first phase) based upon their weights.
BWM is used because it has emerged as the most popular MCDM technique in the
recent few years, and it has advantage over other popular techniques like AHP
(Analytical Hierarchical Processing) that it requires lesser number of pairwise
comparisons for getting the desired results. Third phase involves application of
VIKOR methodology for ranking of alternatives, VIKOR is used due to its ability
to provide a compromise solution in case of a conflicting situation where a number of
alternatives are evaluated. The methodology is briefly represented in Fig. 8.1.
8 Evaluation of Manufacturing Organizations Ability to Overcome Internal Barriers. . .
143
Most of the past studies on green innovation have focused on few factors at a time
and are often limited to finding the effect of one barrier on other; there is no such
study to first find the interdependence relationship among barriers and also to rank
these barriers. Further most of the studies have taken both internal and external
barriers that limit the adoption of green innovations in the organization, and there is
no such study on firms’ internal barriers to green innovation implementation. Also
there is no study to evaluate organizations performance on the basis of internal
barriers to green innovation. This study aims to first find the hierarchal structure and
dependence relationship among identified barriers and then rank these barriers and
finally using weights of these barriers evaluate organizations and rank them. Organizations and decision-makers need to have a framework through which they can
identify barriers to green innovation in general and also specific to their organizations and also to evaluate their performance on these barriers. This chapter presents
that framework for decision-makers to evaluate their organizations on green and
sustainability innovation barriers.
3 Methodology
This study involves a three-phase multi-criteria decision-making methodology
(MCDM). MCDM techniques deal with the issue of obtaining the best possible
solution from a set of multiple criteria. Often the problem with large number of
criteria is that no single criteria is available that can dominate all the criteria; thus
decision-makers don’t have a clear-cut solution to their problem, and hence they
require a structured methodology to find the best solution (Hafezalkotob et al. 2019).
The major objective if this research is to rank the manufacturing organizations on the
basis of their performance to handle internal barriers to green innovation. For
selection of internal barriers for this framework, authors want to select the barriers
with highest driving power. To meet this objective, this study has selected three
different methodologies, ISM (interpretive structural modeling) is selected for
obtaining a hierarchical structure of the finalized barriers and also categorizing
these barriers according to their driving power. Next step uses BWM (Best-Worst
Method) for ranking the selected barriers (after first phase) based upon their weights.
BWM is used because it has emerged as the most popular MCDM technique in the
recent few years, and it has advantage over other popular techniques like AHP
(Analytical Hierarchical Processing) that it requires lesser number of pairwise
comparisons for getting the desired results. Third phase involves application of
VIKOR methodology for ranking of alternatives, VIKOR is used due to its ability
to provide a compromise solution in case of a conflicting situation where a number of
alternatives are evaluated. The methodology is briefly represented in Fig. 8.1.
8 Evaluation of Manufacturing Organizations Ability to Overcome Internal Barriers. . .
143