Chapter 2
Biphenyl Moiety for a Solvent Responsive
Aryl Gold(I) Isocyanide Complex
with Reactivation by Mechanical
Grinding
Luminescent crystalline materials that are sensitive to volatile organic solvents are
useful for detection of harmful gases. Although such compounds have been reported,
discrimination of various types of volatile organic compounds using one compound
remains challenging. Here, it is described that introduction of a biphenyl unit into
a gold isocyanide scaffold (denoted complex 3) enables discrimination of various
volatile organic compounds by forming 11 solvent-containing crystal structures
3/solvent with different emission properties (emission maxima of 490–580 nm).
Mechanical stimulation of 3/solvent affords amorphous 3 ground without solvent inclusion. The resulting 3 ground can again detect volatile compounds by forming 3/solvent
with concomitant emission color changes. A dozen single crystals of 3, which include
11 solvated 3/solvent and one solvent-free 3/none, also are represented. Comparison
of various crystallographic parameters of 3/solvent and 3/none with their corresponding optical properties indicates that a combination of various structural properties
of 3 affects the optical properties of 3. This study reveals that the introduction of a
biphenyl moiety could be a useful design to develop versatile indicators for solvents
through the formation of multiple luminescent crystal structure.
2.1 Introduction
Solid-state emitting materials that can change their emission properties in response
to environmental changes attract much attention for application in sensors [1]. Alteration of the emission properties of solid materials is often caused by changes in
molecular assembly states, which further perturb electronic states important for emitting properties [2]. In particular, compounds that display an emission color change
upon exposure to volatile solvents are promising for applications in detection [3].
This is because visual observation of a material’s emission properties can easily
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
M. Jin, Novel Luminescent Crystalline Materials of Gold(I) Complexes
with Stimuli-Responsive Properties, Springer Theses,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4063-9_2
17
Biphenyl Moiety for a Solvent Responsive
Aryl Gold(I) Isocyanide Complex
with Reactivation by Mechanical
Grinding
Luminescent crystalline materials that are sensitive to volatile organic solvents are
useful for detection of harmful gases. Although such compounds have been reported,
discrimination of various types of volatile organic compounds using one compound
remains challenging. Here, it is described that introduction of a biphenyl unit into
a gold isocyanide scaffold (denoted complex 3) enables discrimination of various
volatile organic compounds by forming 11 solvent-containing crystal structures
3/solvent with different emission properties (emission maxima of 490–580 nm).
Mechanical stimulation of 3/solvent affords amorphous 3 ground without solvent inclusion. The resulting 3 ground can again detect volatile compounds by forming 3/solvent
with concomitant emission color changes. A dozen single crystals of 3, which include
11 solvated 3/solvent and one solvent-free 3/none, also are represented. Comparison
of various crystallographic parameters of 3/solvent and 3/none with their corresponding optical properties indicates that a combination of various structural properties
of 3 affects the optical properties of 3. This study reveals that the introduction of a
biphenyl moiety could be a useful design to develop versatile indicators for solvents
through the formation of multiple luminescent crystal structure.
2.1 Introduction
Solid-state emitting materials that can change their emission properties in response
to environmental changes attract much attention for application in sensors [1]. Alteration of the emission properties of solid materials is often caused by changes in
molecular assembly states, which further perturb electronic states important for emitting properties [2]. In particular, compounds that display an emission color change
upon exposure to volatile solvents are promising for applications in detection [3].
This is because visual observation of a material’s emission properties can easily
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
M. Jin, Novel Luminescent Crystalline Materials of Gold(I) Complexes
with Stimuli-Responsive Properties, Springer Theses,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4063-9_2
17