Chapter 1
General Introduction
Near a decade, solid-state luminescent materials exhibiting photo-physical properties alterations by external stimulations, such as heat, vapor, and mechanical stress,
have attracted many interests because of its high potential to generate new functional
sensor or security materials. In general, luminescent properties of solid sample are
highly dominated by electronical environment of luminophore in bulk space, and
the property is strongly affected by intermolecular packing mode and/or molecular
conformation, in other words “crystal structure”. Thus, exploring a rational design
to control the crystal structure of luminescent materials correlating the external stimulation would highly contribute to develop novel stimuli-responsive luminescent
material. Herein, general introduction for external stimuli responsive luminescent
solid-state materials and several key concepts for the investigation will be described.
1.1 External Stimuli Responsive Luminescence
of Solid-State Molecular Materials
In general, organic and organometallic compounds exhibiting luminescence properties in solid-state have possessed π-conjugated moiety. The π-conjugated moiety
can induce intermolecular interactions such as π–π stacking and CH-π interactions,
and result formation of rigid and ordered assembled structure. In other words, such
resulted molecular packed structures are desired to be “static”. On the other hand,
there are possibility to induce structural changes to ordered molecular assemblies
composed of the organic or organometallic molecules having π-conjugated moieties
by applying an external stimulus such as heat, pressure, gas, solvent, etc. (Fig. 1.1).
The alteration is useful to create “dynamic” functional materials, which change
their luminescence properties and without chemical decomposition [1]. Research
on these materials has rapidly grown over the past decade due to the strong interest in the underlying fundamental mechanisms, and the potential applications for
sensors, memories, informational displays, and security features [1].
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
M. Jin, Novel Luminescent Crystalline Materials of Gold(I) Complexes
with Stimuli-Responsive Properties, Springer Theses,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4063-9_1
1
General Introduction
Near a decade, solid-state luminescent materials exhibiting photo-physical properties alterations by external stimulations, such as heat, vapor, and mechanical stress,
have attracted many interests because of its high potential to generate new functional
sensor or security materials. In general, luminescent properties of solid sample are
highly dominated by electronical environment of luminophore in bulk space, and
the property is strongly affected by intermolecular packing mode and/or molecular
conformation, in other words “crystal structure”. Thus, exploring a rational design
to control the crystal structure of luminescent materials correlating the external stimulation would highly contribute to develop novel stimuli-responsive luminescent
material. Herein, general introduction for external stimuli responsive luminescent
solid-state materials and several key concepts for the investigation will be described.
1.1 External Stimuli Responsive Luminescence
of Solid-State Molecular Materials
In general, organic and organometallic compounds exhibiting luminescence properties in solid-state have possessed π-conjugated moiety. The π-conjugated moiety
can induce intermolecular interactions such as π–π stacking and CH-π interactions,
and result formation of rigid and ordered assembled structure. In other words, such
resulted molecular packed structures are desired to be “static”. On the other hand,
there are possibility to induce structural changes to ordered molecular assemblies
composed of the organic or organometallic molecules having π-conjugated moieties
by applying an external stimulus such as heat, pressure, gas, solvent, etc. (Fig. 1.1).
The alteration is useful to create “dynamic” functional materials, which change
their luminescence properties and without chemical decomposition [1]. Research
on these materials has rapidly grown over the past decade due to the strong interest in the underlying fundamental mechanisms, and the potential applications for
sensors, memories, informational displays, and security features [1].
© Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
M. Jin, Novel Luminescent Crystalline Materials of Gold(I) Complexes
with Stimuli-Responsive Properties, Springer Theses,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4063-9_1
1