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5. Gao X, Cui Y, Levenson RM, Chung LW, Nie S (2004) In vivo cancer targeting and imaging
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6. Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K (2000) Tumor vascular permeability and the
EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J Control Release 65:271–284
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retention effect for tumor targeting. Drug Discov Today 11:812–818
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J Cell Biol 188:759–768
9. Duman FD, Erkisa M, Khodadust R, Ari F, Ulukaya E, Acar HY (2017) Folic acid-conjugated
cationic Ag2S quantum dots for optical imaging and selective doxorubicin delivery to HeLa
cells. Nanomedicine 12:2319–2333
10. Gao J, Chen K, Luong R, Bouley DM, Mao H, Qiao T, Gambhir SS, Cheng Z (2012) A novel
clinically translatable fluorescent nanoparticle for targeted molecular imaging of tumors in
living subjects. Nano Lett 12:281–286
11. Cai WB, Shin DW, Chen K, Gheysens O, Cao QZ, Wang SX, Gambhir SS, Chen XY (2006)
Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects.
Nano Lett 6:669–676
12. Jokerst JV, Raamanathan A, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Pollard AA, Simmons GW,
Wong J, Gage C, Furmaga WB, Redding SW, McDevitt JT (2009) Nano-bio-chips for high
performance multiplexed protein detection: determinations of cancer biomarkers in serum and
saliva using quantum dot bioconjugate labels. Biosens Bioelectron 24:3622–3629
13. Kim S, Lim YT, Soltesz EG, De Grand AM, Lee J, Nakayama A, Parker JA, Mihaljevic T,
Laurence RG, Dor DM, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV (2004) Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping. Nat Biotechnol 22:93–97
14. Hilderbrand SA, Weissleder R (2010) Near-infrared fluorescence: application to in vivo
molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 14:71–79
15. Hong GS, Antaris AL, Dai HJ (2017) Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging. Nat
Biomed Eng 1
16. Hong G, Lee JC, Robinson JT, Raaz U, Xie L, Huang NF, Cooke JP, Dai H (2012)
Multifunctional in vivo vascular imaging using near-infrared II fluorescence. Nat Med
18:1841–1846
17. Smith AM, Mancini MC, Nie SM (2009) BIOIMAGING second window for in vivo imaging.
Nat Nanotechnol 4:710–711
18. Hong GS, Diao S, Chang JL, Antaris AL, Chen CX, Zhang B, Zhao S, Atochin DN,
Huang PL, Andreasson KI, Kuo CJ, Dai HJ (2014) Through-skull fluorescence imaging of
the brain in a new near-infrared window. Nat Photonics 8:723–730
19. Zhang Y, Hong GS, Zhang YJ, Chen GC, Li F, Dai HJ, Wang QB (2012) Ag2S quantum dot: a
bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe in the second near-infrared window. ACS
Nano 6:3695–3702
20. Won N, Jeong S, Kim K, Kwag J, Park J, Kim SG, Kim S (2012) Imaging depths of nearinfrared quantum dots in first and second optical windows. Mol Imaging 11:338–352
21. Li CY, Zhang YJ, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen GC, Li L, Wu DM, Wang QB (2014) In vivo realtime visualization of tissue blood flow and angiogenesis using Ag2S quantum dots in the
NIR-II window. Biomaterials 35:393–400
22. Bruns OT, Bischof TS, Harris DK, Franke D, Shi Y, Riedemann L, Bartelt A, Jaworski FB,
Carr JA, Rowlands CJ, Wilson MWB, Chen O, Wei H, Hwang GW, Montana DM,
Coropceanu I, Achorn OB, Kloepper J, Heeren J, So PTC, Fukumura D, Jensen KF, Jain
RK, Bawendi MG (2017) Next-generation in vivo optical imaging with short-wave infrared
quantum dots. Nat Biomed Eng 1
23. Derfus AM, Chan WCW, Bhatia SN (2004) Probing the cytotoxicity of semiconductor
quantum dots. Nano Lett 4:11–18
Inorganic Fluorescent Nanomaterials
75
diagnostics of cancer. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 6:231–244
5. Gao X, Cui Y, Levenson RM, Chung LW, Nie S (2004) In vivo cancer targeting and imaging
with semiconductor quantum dots. Nat Biotechnol 22:969–976
6. Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K (2000) Tumor vascular permeability and the
EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J Control Release 65:271–284
7. Iyer AK, Khaled G, Fang J, Maeda H (2006) Exploiting the enhanced permeability and
retention effect for tumor targeting. Drug Discov Today 11:812–818
8. Ruoslahti E, Bhatia SN, Sailor MJ (2010) Targeting of drugs and nanoparticles to tumors.
J Cell Biol 188:759–768
9. Duman FD, Erkisa M, Khodadust R, Ari F, Ulukaya E, Acar HY (2017) Folic acid-conjugated
cationic Ag2S quantum dots for optical imaging and selective doxorubicin delivery to HeLa
cells. Nanomedicine 12:2319–2333
10. Gao J, Chen K, Luong R, Bouley DM, Mao H, Qiao T, Gambhir SS, Cheng Z (2012) A novel
clinically translatable fluorescent nanoparticle for targeted molecular imaging of tumors in
living subjects. Nano Lett 12:281–286
11. Cai WB, Shin DW, Chen K, Gheysens O, Cao QZ, Wang SX, Gambhir SS, Chen XY (2006)
Peptide-labeled near-infrared quantum dots for imaging tumor vasculature in living subjects.
Nano Lett 6:669–676
12. Jokerst JV, Raamanathan A, Christodoulides N, Floriano PN, Pollard AA, Simmons GW,
Wong J, Gage C, Furmaga WB, Redding SW, McDevitt JT (2009) Nano-bio-chips for high
performance multiplexed protein detection: determinations of cancer biomarkers in serum and
saliva using quantum dot bioconjugate labels. Biosens Bioelectron 24:3622–3629
13. Kim S, Lim YT, Soltesz EG, De Grand AM, Lee J, Nakayama A, Parker JA, Mihaljevic T,
Laurence RG, Dor DM, Cohn LH, Bawendi MG, Frangioni JV (2004) Near-infrared fluorescent type II quantum dots for sentinel lymph node mapping. Nat Biotechnol 22:93–97
14. Hilderbrand SA, Weissleder R (2010) Near-infrared fluorescence: application to in vivo
molecular imaging. Curr Opin Chem Biol 14:71–79
15. Hong GS, Antaris AL, Dai HJ (2017) Near-infrared fluorophores for biomedical imaging. Nat
Biomed Eng 1
16. Hong G, Lee JC, Robinson JT, Raaz U, Xie L, Huang NF, Cooke JP, Dai H (2012)
Multifunctional in vivo vascular imaging using near-infrared II fluorescence. Nat Med
18:1841–1846
17. Smith AM, Mancini MC, Nie SM (2009) BIOIMAGING second window for in vivo imaging.
Nat Nanotechnol 4:710–711
18. Hong GS, Diao S, Chang JL, Antaris AL, Chen CX, Zhang B, Zhao S, Atochin DN,
Huang PL, Andreasson KI, Kuo CJ, Dai HJ (2014) Through-skull fluorescence imaging of
the brain in a new near-infrared window. Nat Photonics 8:723–730
19. Zhang Y, Hong GS, Zhang YJ, Chen GC, Li F, Dai HJ, Wang QB (2012) Ag2S quantum dot: a
bright and biocompatible fluorescent nanoprobe in the second near-infrared window. ACS
Nano 6:3695–3702
20. Won N, Jeong S, Kim K, Kwag J, Park J, Kim SG, Kim S (2012) Imaging depths of nearinfrared quantum dots in first and second optical windows. Mol Imaging 11:338–352
21. Li CY, Zhang YJ, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen GC, Li L, Wu DM, Wang QB (2014) In vivo realtime visualization of tissue blood flow and angiogenesis using Ag2S quantum dots in the
NIR-II window. Biomaterials 35:393–400
22. Bruns OT, Bischof TS, Harris DK, Franke D, Shi Y, Riedemann L, Bartelt A, Jaworski FB,
Carr JA, Rowlands CJ, Wilson MWB, Chen O, Wei H, Hwang GW, Montana DM,
Coropceanu I, Achorn OB, Kloepper J, Heeren J, So PTC, Fukumura D, Jensen KF, Jain
RK, Bawendi MG (2017) Next-generation in vivo optical imaging with short-wave infrared
quantum dots. Nat Biomed Eng 1
23. Derfus AM, Chan WCW, Bhatia SN (2004) Probing the cytotoxicity of semiconductor
quantum dots. Nano Lett 4:11–18
Inorganic Fluorescent Nanomaterials
75