32. Rurack K, Kollmannsberger M, Daub J (2001) A highly efficient sensor molecule emitting in
the near infrared (NIR): 3,5-distyryl-8-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)difluoroboradiaza-sindacene. New J Chem 25:289–292
33. Saki N, Dinc T, Akkaya EU (2006) Excimer emission and energy transfer in cofacial
boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) dimers built on a xanthene scaffold. Tetrahedron 62:2721–2725
34. Goud TV, Tutar A, Biellmann J-F (2006) Synthesis of 8-heteroatom-substituted 4,4-difluoro4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene dyes (BODIPY). Tetrahedron 62:5084–5091
35. Benniston AC, Copley G (2009) Lighting the way ahead with boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy)
dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:4124–4131
36. Loudet A, Burgess K (2007) BODIPY dyes and their derivatives: syntheses and spectroscopic
properties. Chem Rev 107:4891–4932
37. Ulrich G, Ziessel R, Harriman A (2008) The chemistry of fluorescent bodipy dyes: versatility
unsurpassed. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:1184–1201
38. Ma X, Tan Z, Wei G, Wei D, Du Y (2012) Solvent controlled sugar-rhodamine fluorescence
sensor for Cu(2+) detection. Analyst 137:1436–1439
39. Senthil Murugan A, Vidhyalakshmi N, Ramesh U, Annaraj J (2018) In vivo bio-imaging
studies of highly selective, sensitive rhodamine based fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+/Fe3+ ions. Sens Actuators B Chem. 274:22–29
40. Shen S-L, Zhang X-F, Ge Y-Q, Zhu Y, Cao X-Q (2018) A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe
for the detection of HOCl based on FRET strategy. Sens Actuators B Chem 254:736–741
41. Kilic H, Bozkurt E (2018) A rhodamine-based novel turn on trivalent ions sensor. J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 363:23–30
42. Palero JA, De Bruijn HS, Sterenborg H, Gerritsen HC (2006) In vivo nonlinear spectral
imaging in mouse skin. Opt Express 14:4395–4402
43. Skala MC et al (2007) In vivo multiphoton microscopy of NADH and FAD redox states,
fluorescence lifetimes, and cellular morphology in precancerous epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 104:19494–19499
44. Schweitzer D et al (2007) Towards metabolic mapping of the human retina. Microsc Res Tech
70:410–419
45. Yu Q, Heikal AA (2009) Two-photon autofluorescence dynamics imaging reveals sensitivity
of intracellular NADH concentration and conformation to cell physiology at the single-cell
level. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 95:46–57
46. Ghukasyan VV, Kao F-J (2009) Monitoring cellular metabolism with fluorescence lifetime of
reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J Phys Chem C 113:11532–11540
47. Huang S, Heikal AA, Webb WW (2002) Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy of NAD(P)H and flavoprotein. Biophys J 82:2811–2825
48. Yaseen MA et al (2013) In vivo imaging of cerebral energy metabolism with two-photon
fluorescence lifetime microscopy of NADH. Biomed Opt Express 4:307–321
49. Wang H-P et al (2007) Fluorescence lifetime image of a single halobacterium. Chem Phys Lett
442:441–444
50. Nakabayashi T, Wang H-P, Kinjo M, Ohta N (2008) Application of fluorescence lifetime
imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein to intracellular pH measurements. Photochem
Photobiol Sci 7:668–670
51. Ogikubo S et al (2011) Intracellular pH sensing using autofluorescence lifetime microscopy.
J Phys Chem B 115:10385–10390
52. Nakabayashi T et al (2008) Stress-induced environmental changes in a single cell as revealed
by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:671–674
53. Ito T et al (2009) Fluorescence lifetime images of green fluorescent protein in HeLa cells
during TNF-α induced apoptosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 8:763–767
54. Awasthi K, Nakabayashi T, Ohta N (2012) Application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields
into HeLa cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and fluorescence lifetime
microscopy. J Phys Chem B 116:11159–11165
Organic Fluorescent Probes for Diagnostics and Bio-Imaging
49
the near infrared (NIR): 3,5-distyryl-8-(p-dimethylaminophenyl)difluoroboradiaza-sindacene. New J Chem 25:289–292
33. Saki N, Dinc T, Akkaya EU (2006) Excimer emission and energy transfer in cofacial
boradiazaindacene (BODIPY) dimers built on a xanthene scaffold. Tetrahedron 62:2721–2725
34. Goud TV, Tutar A, Biellmann J-F (2006) Synthesis of 8-heteroatom-substituted 4,4-difluoro4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene dyes (BODIPY). Tetrahedron 62:5084–5091
35. Benniston AC, Copley G (2009) Lighting the way ahead with boron dipyrromethene (Bodipy)
dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 11:4124–4131
36. Loudet A, Burgess K (2007) BODIPY dyes and their derivatives: syntheses and spectroscopic
properties. Chem Rev 107:4891–4932
37. Ulrich G, Ziessel R, Harriman A (2008) The chemistry of fluorescent bodipy dyes: versatility
unsurpassed. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:1184–1201
38. Ma X, Tan Z, Wei G, Wei D, Du Y (2012) Solvent controlled sugar-rhodamine fluorescence
sensor for Cu(2+) detection. Analyst 137:1436–1439
39. Senthil Murugan A, Vidhyalakshmi N, Ramesh U, Annaraj J (2018) In vivo bio-imaging
studies of highly selective, sensitive rhodamine based fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+/Fe3+ ions. Sens Actuators B Chem. 274:22–29
40. Shen S-L, Zhang X-F, Ge Y-Q, Zhu Y, Cao X-Q (2018) A novel ratiometric fluorescent probe
for the detection of HOCl based on FRET strategy. Sens Actuators B Chem 254:736–741
41. Kilic H, Bozkurt E (2018) A rhodamine-based novel turn on trivalent ions sensor. J Photochem
Photobiol A Chem 363:23–30
42. Palero JA, De Bruijn HS, Sterenborg H, Gerritsen HC (2006) In vivo nonlinear spectral
imaging in mouse skin. Opt Express 14:4395–4402
43. Skala MC et al (2007) In vivo multiphoton microscopy of NADH and FAD redox states,
fluorescence lifetimes, and cellular morphology in precancerous epithelia. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 104:19494–19499
44. Schweitzer D et al (2007) Towards metabolic mapping of the human retina. Microsc Res Tech
70:410–419
45. Yu Q, Heikal AA (2009) Two-photon autofluorescence dynamics imaging reveals sensitivity
of intracellular NADH concentration and conformation to cell physiology at the single-cell
level. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol 95:46–57
46. Ghukasyan VV, Kao F-J (2009) Monitoring cellular metabolism with fluorescence lifetime of
reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J Phys Chem C 113:11532–11540
47. Huang S, Heikal AA, Webb WW (2002) Two-photon fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy of NAD(P)H and flavoprotein. Biophys J 82:2811–2825
48. Yaseen MA et al (2013) In vivo imaging of cerebral energy metabolism with two-photon
fluorescence lifetime microscopy of NADH. Biomed Opt Express 4:307–321
49. Wang H-P et al (2007) Fluorescence lifetime image of a single halobacterium. Chem Phys Lett
442:441–444
50. Nakabayashi T, Wang H-P, Kinjo M, Ohta N (2008) Application of fluorescence lifetime
imaging of enhanced green fluorescent protein to intracellular pH measurements. Photochem
Photobiol Sci 7:668–670
51. Ogikubo S et al (2011) Intracellular pH sensing using autofluorescence lifetime microscopy.
J Phys Chem B 115:10385–10390
52. Nakabayashi T et al (2008) Stress-induced environmental changes in a single cell as revealed
by fluorescence lifetime imaging. Photochem Photobiol Sci 7:671–674
53. Ito T et al (2009) Fluorescence lifetime images of green fluorescent protein in HeLa cells
during TNF-α induced apoptosis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 8:763–767
54. Awasthi K, Nakabayashi T, Ohta N (2012) Application of nanosecond pulsed electric fields
into HeLa cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein and fluorescence lifetime
microscopy. J Phys Chem B 116:11159–11165
Organic Fluorescent Probes for Diagnostics and Bio-Imaging
49