9. Liu Y, Feng B, Cao X et al (2019) A novel “AIE + ESIPT” near-infrared nanoprobe for the
imaging of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in living cells and the application in precision medicine.
Analyst 144:5136–5142. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9an00773c
10. Wehrman TS, Von DG, Krutzik PO et al (2006) Luminescent imaging of beta-galactosidase
activity in living subjects using sequential reporter-enzyme luminescence. Nat Methods 3
(4):295
11. Lee HW, Heo CH, Sen D et al (2014) Ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for quantitative
detection of β-galactosidase activity in senescent cells. Anal Chem 86(20):10001
12. Hirabayashi K, Hanaoka K, Takayanagi T et al (2015) Analysis of chemical equilibrium of
silicon-substituted fluorescein and its application to develop a scaffold for red fluorescent
probes. Anal Chem 87(17):9061
13. Asanuma D, Sakabe M, Kamiya M et al (2015) Sensitive β-galactosidase-targeting fluorescence
probe for visualizing small peritoneal metastatic tumours in vivo. Nat Commun 6:6463
14. Zhang XX, Wu H, Li P et al (2016) A versatile two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric
imaging E. coli β-galactosidase in live cells and in vivo. Chem Commun 52(53):8283
15. Redykeisar O, Kisinfinfer E, Ferber S et al (2014) Synthesis and use of QCy7-derived modular
probes for the detection and imaging of biologically relevant analytes. Nat Protoc 9(1):27
16. Han J, Han MS, Tung CH (2013) A fluorogenic probe for β-galactosidase activity imaging in
living cells. Mol BioSyst 9(12):3001
17. Gu K, Xu Y, Li H et al (2016) Real-time tracking and in vivo visualization of β-galactosidase
activity in colorectal tumor with a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe. J Am Chem Soc
138(16):5334
18. Berezin MY, Achilefu S (2010) Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging.
Chem Rev 110(5):2641
19. Hsieh CC, Cheng YM, Hsu CJ et al (2008) Spectroscopy and femtosecond dynamics of excitedstate proton transfer induced charge transfer reaction. J Phys Chem A 112(36):8323
20. Murale DP, Kim H, Choi WS et al (2013) Highly selective excited state intramolecular proton
transfer (ESIPT)-based superoxide probing. Org Lett 15(15):3946
21. Otsubo T, Minami A, Fujii H et al (2013) 2-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside
derivatives as fluorescent pigment dyeing substrates and their application for the assay of β-dgalactosidase activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 23(7):2245
22. Cellier M, Fazackerley E, James AL, Orenga S, Perry JD, Turnbull G, Stanforth SP (2014)
Synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives and their application in bacterial detection. Bioorg
Med Chem 22(4):1250
23. Wei X, Wu Q, Zhang J et al (2016) Synthesis of precipitating chromogenic/fluorogenic
β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase substrates by a new method and their application in the visual
detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Chem Commun 53(1):103
24. Mei J, Leung NLC, Kwok RTK et al (2015) Aggregation-induced emission: together we shine,
united we soar! Chem Rev 115(21):11718
25. He XP, Zang Y, James TD et al (2016) Fluorescent glycoprobes: a sweet addition for improved
sensing. Chem Commun 53(1):82
26. Dong Y, Wang W, Zhong C et al (2014) Investigating the effects of side chain length on the AIE
properties of water-soluble TPE derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 55(8):1496
27. Cao D, Yang L, Wang L (2014) Application of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) systems in
sensing and bioimaging. Curr Org Chem 18(8):1028
28. Peng L, Gao M, Cai X et al (2015) A fluorescent light-up probe based on AIE and ESIPT
processes for β-galactosidase activity detection and visualization in living cells. J Mater Chem B
3(47):9168
29. Jiang G, Zeng G, Zhu W et al (2017) A selective and light-up fluorescent probe for
β-galactosidase activity detection and imaging in living cells based on an AIE
tetraphenylethylene derivative. Chem Commun 53(32):4505
200
A. Bi et al.
imaging of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase in living cells and the application in precision medicine.
Analyst 144:5136–5142. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9an00773c
10. Wehrman TS, Von DG, Krutzik PO et al (2006) Luminescent imaging of beta-galactosidase
activity in living subjects using sequential reporter-enzyme luminescence. Nat Methods 3
(4):295
11. Lee HW, Heo CH, Sen D et al (2014) Ratiometric two-photon fluorescent probe for quantitative
detection of β-galactosidase activity in senescent cells. Anal Chem 86(20):10001
12. Hirabayashi K, Hanaoka K, Takayanagi T et al (2015) Analysis of chemical equilibrium of
silicon-substituted fluorescein and its application to develop a scaffold for red fluorescent
probes. Anal Chem 87(17):9061
13. Asanuma D, Sakabe M, Kamiya M et al (2015) Sensitive β-galactosidase-targeting fluorescence
probe for visualizing small peritoneal metastatic tumours in vivo. Nat Commun 6:6463
14. Zhang XX, Wu H, Li P et al (2016) A versatile two-photon fluorescent probe for ratiometric
imaging E. coli β-galactosidase in live cells and in vivo. Chem Commun 52(53):8283
15. Redykeisar O, Kisinfinfer E, Ferber S et al (2014) Synthesis and use of QCy7-derived modular
probes for the detection and imaging of biologically relevant analytes. Nat Protoc 9(1):27
16. Han J, Han MS, Tung CH (2013) A fluorogenic probe for β-galactosidase activity imaging in
living cells. Mol BioSyst 9(12):3001
17. Gu K, Xu Y, Li H et al (2016) Real-time tracking and in vivo visualization of β-galactosidase
activity in colorectal tumor with a ratiometric near-infrared fluorescent probe. J Am Chem Soc
138(16):5334
18. Berezin MY, Achilefu S (2010) Fluorescence lifetime measurements and biological imaging.
Chem Rev 110(5):2641
19. Hsieh CC, Cheng YM, Hsu CJ et al (2008) Spectroscopy and femtosecond dynamics of excitedstate proton transfer induced charge transfer reaction. J Phys Chem A 112(36):8323
20. Murale DP, Kim H, Choi WS et al (2013) Highly selective excited state intramolecular proton
transfer (ESIPT)-based superoxide probing. Org Lett 15(15):3946
21. Otsubo T, Minami A, Fujii H et al (2013) 2-(Benzothiazol-2-yl)-phenyl-β-d-galactopyranoside
derivatives as fluorescent pigment dyeing substrates and their application for the assay of β-dgalactosidase activities. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 23(7):2245
22. Cellier M, Fazackerley E, James AL, Orenga S, Perry JD, Turnbull G, Stanforth SP (2014)
Synthesis of 2-arylbenzothiazole derivatives and their application in bacterial detection. Bioorg
Med Chem 22(4):1250
23. Wei X, Wu Q, Zhang J et al (2016) Synthesis of precipitating chromogenic/fluorogenic
β-glucosidase/β-galactosidase substrates by a new method and their application in the visual
detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Chem Commun 53(1):103
24. Mei J, Leung NLC, Kwok RTK et al (2015) Aggregation-induced emission: together we shine,
united we soar! Chem Rev 115(21):11718
25. He XP, Zang Y, James TD et al (2016) Fluorescent glycoprobes: a sweet addition for improved
sensing. Chem Commun 53(1):82
26. Dong Y, Wang W, Zhong C et al (2014) Investigating the effects of side chain length on the AIE
properties of water-soluble TPE derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 55(8):1496
27. Cao D, Yang L, Wang L (2014) Application of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) systems in
sensing and bioimaging. Curr Org Chem 18(8):1028
28. Peng L, Gao M, Cai X et al (2015) A fluorescent light-up probe based on AIE and ESIPT
processes for β-galactosidase activity detection and visualization in living cells. J Mater Chem B
3(47):9168
29. Jiang G, Zeng G, Zhu W et al (2017) A selective and light-up fluorescent probe for
β-galactosidase activity detection and imaging in living cells based on an AIE
tetraphenylethylene derivative. Chem Commun 53(32):4505
200
A. Bi et al.