References
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Adv Drug Deliv Rev 76:21–38
2. Lavis LD, Raines RT (2008) Bright ideas for chemical biology. ACS Chem Biol 3(3):142–155
3. Tsien RY (2010) Nobel lecture: constructing and exploiting the fluorescent protein paintbox.
Integr Biol 2(2–3):77–93
4. Vigneshvar S et al (2016) Recent advances in biosensor technology for potential applications –
an overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 4:11
5. Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Saiga Y (1962) Extraction, purification and properties of
aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. J Cell
Comp Physiol 59:223–239
6. Gong Z, Ju B, Wan H (2001) Green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic fish and their
applications. Genetica 111(1–3):213–225
7. Lai L et al (2002) Transgenic pig expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein produced
by nuclear transfer using colchicine-treated fibroblasts as donor cells. Mol Reprod Dev 62
(3):300–306
8. Dhandayuthapani S et al (1995) Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression and
cell biology of mycobacterial interactions with macrophages. Mol Microbiol 17(5):901–912
9. Zacharias DA et al (2002) Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane
microdomains of live cells. Science 296(5569):913–916
10. McCombs JE, Palmer AE (2008) Measuring calcium dynamics in living cells with genetically
encodable calcium indicators. Methods 46(3):152–159
11. Mank M, Griesbeck O (2008) Genetically encoded calcium indicators. Chem Rev 108
(5):1550–1564
12. Xiao T et al (2017) In vivo analysis with electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Anal Chem
89(1):300–313
13. Takanaga H, Chaudhuri B, Frommer WB (2008) GLUT1 and GLUT9 as major contributors to
glucose influx in HepG2 cells identified by a high sensitivity intramolecular FRET glucose
sensor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778(4):1091–1099
14. Ha JS et al (2007) Design and application of highly responsive fluorescence resonance energy
transfer biosensors for detection of sugar in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Appl
Environ Microbiol 73(22):7408–7414
15. Hires SA, Zhu Y, Tsien RY (2008) Optical measurement of synaptic glutamate spillover and
reuptake by linker optimized glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 105(11):4411–4416
16. Tainaka K et al (2010) Design strategies of fluorescent biosensors based on biological
macromolecular receptors. Sensors 10(2):1355–1376
17. Mehrotra P (2016) Biosensors and their applications – a review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res
6(2):153–159
18. Bajar BT et al (2016) A guide to fluorescent protein FRET pairs. Sensors 16(9):1488
19. Laverdant J et al (2011) Experimental determination of the fluorescence quantum yield of
semiconductor nanocrystals. Materials 4(7):1182–1193
20. Rurack K, Spieles M (2011) Fluorescence quantum yields of a series of red and near-infrared
dyes emitting at 600-1000 nm. Anal Chem 83(4):1232–1242
21. Verma D, Grigoryan G, Bailey-Kellogg C (2015) Structure-based design of combinatorial
mutagenesis libraries. Protein Sci 24(5):895–908
22. Saito Y et al (2018) Machine-learning-guided mutagenesis for directed evolution of fluorescent proteins. ACS Synth Biol 7(9):2014–2022
23. Mitchell JA et al (2016) Rangefinder: a semisynthetic FRET sensor design algorithm. ACS
Sensors 1(11):1286–1290
24. Malakauskas SM, Mayo SL (1998) Design, structure and stability of a hyperthermophilic
protein variant. Nat Struct Biol 5(6):470–475
176
U. K. Sukumar et al.
1. Bu L, Shen B, Cheng Z (2014) Fluorescent imaging of cancerous tissues for targeted surgery.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev 76:21–38
2. Lavis LD, Raines RT (2008) Bright ideas for chemical biology. ACS Chem Biol 3(3):142–155
3. Tsien RY (2010) Nobel lecture: constructing and exploiting the fluorescent protein paintbox.
Integr Biol 2(2–3):77–93
4. Vigneshvar S et al (2016) Recent advances in biosensor technology for potential applications –
an overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 4:11
5. Shimomura O, Johnson FH, Saiga Y (1962) Extraction, purification and properties of
aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea. J Cell
Comp Physiol 59:223–239
6. Gong Z, Ju B, Wan H (2001) Green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic fish and their
applications. Genetica 111(1–3):213–225
7. Lai L et al (2002) Transgenic pig expressing the enhanced green fluorescent protein produced
by nuclear transfer using colchicine-treated fibroblasts as donor cells. Mol Reprod Dev 62
(3):300–306
8. Dhandayuthapani S et al (1995) Green fluorescent protein as a marker for gene expression and
cell biology of mycobacterial interactions with macrophages. Mol Microbiol 17(5):901–912
9. Zacharias DA et al (2002) Partitioning of lipid-modified monomeric GFPs into membrane
microdomains of live cells. Science 296(5569):913–916
10. McCombs JE, Palmer AE (2008) Measuring calcium dynamics in living cells with genetically
encodable calcium indicators. Methods 46(3):152–159
11. Mank M, Griesbeck O (2008) Genetically encoded calcium indicators. Chem Rev 108
(5):1550–1564
12. Xiao T et al (2017) In vivo analysis with electrochemical sensors and biosensors. Anal Chem
89(1):300–313
13. Takanaga H, Chaudhuri B, Frommer WB (2008) GLUT1 and GLUT9 as major contributors to
glucose influx in HepG2 cells identified by a high sensitivity intramolecular FRET glucose
sensor. Biochim Biophys Acta 1778(4):1091–1099
14. Ha JS et al (2007) Design and application of highly responsive fluorescence resonance energy
transfer biosensors for detection of sugar in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. Appl
Environ Microbiol 73(22):7408–7414
15. Hires SA, Zhu Y, Tsien RY (2008) Optical measurement of synaptic glutamate spillover and
reuptake by linker optimized glutamate-sensitive fluorescent reporters. Proc Natl Acad Sci
U S A 105(11):4411–4416
16. Tainaka K et al (2010) Design strategies of fluorescent biosensors based on biological
macromolecular receptors. Sensors 10(2):1355–1376
17. Mehrotra P (2016) Biosensors and their applications – a review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res
6(2):153–159
18. Bajar BT et al (2016) A guide to fluorescent protein FRET pairs. Sensors 16(9):1488
19. Laverdant J et al (2011) Experimental determination of the fluorescence quantum yield of
semiconductor nanocrystals. Materials 4(7):1182–1193
20. Rurack K, Spieles M (2011) Fluorescence quantum yields of a series of red and near-infrared
dyes emitting at 600-1000 nm. Anal Chem 83(4):1232–1242
21. Verma D, Grigoryan G, Bailey-Kellogg C (2015) Structure-based design of combinatorial
mutagenesis libraries. Protein Sci 24(5):895–908
22. Saito Y et al (2018) Machine-learning-guided mutagenesis for directed evolution of fluorescent proteins. ACS Synth Biol 7(9):2014–2022
23. Mitchell JA et al (2016) Rangefinder: a semisynthetic FRET sensor design algorithm. ACS
Sensors 1(11):1286–1290
24. Malakauskas SM, Mayo SL (1998) Design, structure and stability of a hyperthermophilic
protein variant. Nat Struct Biol 5(6):470–475
176
U. K. Sukumar et al.