67. Dong B, Li C, Chen G, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Deng M, Wang Q (2013) Facile synthesis of highly
photoluminescent Ag2Se quantum dots as a new fluorescent probe in the second near-infrared
window for in vivo imaging. Chem Mater 25(12):2503–2509
68. Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang C-y (2015) Toward biocompatible semiconductor quantum dots: from
biosynthesis and bioconjugation to biomedical application. Chem Rev 115(21):11669–11717
69. Chen J, Kong Y, Wang W, Fang H, Wo Y, Zhou D, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen S (2016) Direct waterphase synthesis of lead sulfide quantum dots encapsulated by [small beta]-lactoglobulin for
in vivo second near infrared window imaging with reduced toxicity. Chem Commun 52
(21):4025–4028
70. Zhao D-H, Yang J, Xia R-X, Yao M-H, Jin R-M, Zhao Y-D, Liu B (2018) High quantum yield
Ag2S quantum dot@polypeptide-engineered hybrid nanogels for targeted second near-infrared
fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Chem Commun 54(5):527–530
71. Bruns OT, Bischof TS, Harris DK, Franke D, Shi Y, Riedemann L, Bartelt A, Jaworski FB,
Carr JA, Rowlands CJ et al (2017) Next-generation in vivo optical imaging with short-wave
infrared quantum dots. Nat Biomed Eng 1:0056
72. Cassette E, Pons T, Bouet C, Helle M, Bezdetnaya L, Marchal F, Dubertret B (2010) Synthesis
and characterization of near-infrared CuÀInÀSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots for in vivo
imaging. Chem Mater 22(22):6117–6124
73. Hu D, Zhang P, Gong P, Lian S, Lu Y, Gao D, Cai L (2011) A fast synthesis of near-infrared
emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots with small hydrodynamic diameter for in vivo imaging
probes. Nanoscale 3(11):4724–4732
74. Nirmal G, Anupam G, Shantimoy K, Siddaramappa BM, Robin J, Lourdu XP, Thalappil P,
Kumar PS (2012) Protein-directed synthesis of NIR-emitting, tunable HgS quantum dots and
their applications in metal-ion sensing. Small 8(20):3175–3184
75. Chen L, Han H (2014) Recent advances in the use of near-infrared quantum dots as optical
probes for bioanalytical, imaging and solar cell application. Microchim Acta 181
(13):1485–1495
76. Li C, Cao L, Zhang Y, Yi P, Wang M, Tan B, Deng Z, Wu D, Wang Q (2015) Preoperative
detection and intraoperative visualization of brain tumors for more precise surgery: a new dualmodality MRI and NIR nanoprobe. Small 11(35):4517–4525
77. Wu C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li C, Wang Q (2016) A novel photoacoustic nanoprobe of ICG@PEGAg2S for atherosclerosis targeting and imaging in vivo. Nanoscale 8(25):12531–12539
78. Yang T, Tang Y, Liu L, Lv X, Wang Q, Ke H, Deng Y, Yang H, Yang X, Liu G et al (2017)
Size-dependent Ag2S nanodots for second near-infrared fluorescence/photoacoustics imaging
and simultaneous photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 11(2):1848–1857
79. Hu F, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wu D, Wang Q (2015) Real-time in vivo visualization of tumor
therapy by a near-infrared-II Ag2S quantum dot-based theranostic nanoplatform. Nano Res 8
(5):1637–1647
80. Tsukasaki Y, Morimatsu M, Nishimura G, Sakata T, Yasuda H, Komatsuzaki A, Watanabe TM,
Jin T (2014) Synthesis and optical properties of emission-tunable PbS/CdS core-shell quantum
dots for in vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window. RSC Adv 4
(77):41164–41171
81. Yi H, Ghosh D, Ham M-H, Qi J, Barone PW, Strano MS, Belcher AM (2012) M13 phagefunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as nanoprobes for second near-infrared window
fluorescence imaging of targeted tumors. Nano Lett 12(3):1176–1183
82. Hong G, Diao S, Antaris AL, Dai H (2015) Carbon nanomaterials for biological imaging and
nanomedicinal therapy. Chem Rev 115(19):10816–10906
83. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56
84. Guo T, Nikolaev P, Thess A, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) Catalytic growth of single-walled
manotubes by laser vaporization. Chem Phys Lett 243(1):49–54
85. Nikolaev P, Bronikowski MJ, Bradley RK, Rohmund F, Colbert DT, Smith KA, Smalley RE
(1999) Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide.
Chem Phys Lett 313(1):91–97
122
S. He and Z. Cheng
photoluminescent Ag2Se quantum dots as a new fluorescent probe in the second near-infrared
window for in vivo imaging. Chem Mater 25(12):2503–2509
68. Zhou J, Yang Y, Zhang C-y (2015) Toward biocompatible semiconductor quantum dots: from
biosynthesis and bioconjugation to biomedical application. Chem Rev 115(21):11669–11717
69. Chen J, Kong Y, Wang W, Fang H, Wo Y, Zhou D, Wu Z, Li Y, Chen S (2016) Direct waterphase synthesis of lead sulfide quantum dots encapsulated by [small beta]-lactoglobulin for
in vivo second near infrared window imaging with reduced toxicity. Chem Commun 52
(21):4025–4028
70. Zhao D-H, Yang J, Xia R-X, Yao M-H, Jin R-M, Zhao Y-D, Liu B (2018) High quantum yield
Ag2S quantum dot@polypeptide-engineered hybrid nanogels for targeted second near-infrared
fluorescence/photoacoustic imaging and photothermal therapy. Chem Commun 54(5):527–530
71. Bruns OT, Bischof TS, Harris DK, Franke D, Shi Y, Riedemann L, Bartelt A, Jaworski FB,
Carr JA, Rowlands CJ et al (2017) Next-generation in vivo optical imaging with short-wave
infrared quantum dots. Nat Biomed Eng 1:0056
72. Cassette E, Pons T, Bouet C, Helle M, Bezdetnaya L, Marchal F, Dubertret B (2010) Synthesis
and characterization of near-infrared CuÀInÀSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots for in vivo
imaging. Chem Mater 22(22):6117–6124
73. Hu D, Zhang P, Gong P, Lian S, Lu Y, Gao D, Cai L (2011) A fast synthesis of near-infrared
emitting CdTe/CdSe quantum dots with small hydrodynamic diameter for in vivo imaging
probes. Nanoscale 3(11):4724–4732
74. Nirmal G, Anupam G, Shantimoy K, Siddaramappa BM, Robin J, Lourdu XP, Thalappil P,
Kumar PS (2012) Protein-directed synthesis of NIR-emitting, tunable HgS quantum dots and
their applications in metal-ion sensing. Small 8(20):3175–3184
75. Chen L, Han H (2014) Recent advances in the use of near-infrared quantum dots as optical
probes for bioanalytical, imaging and solar cell application. Microchim Acta 181
(13):1485–1495
76. Li C, Cao L, Zhang Y, Yi P, Wang M, Tan B, Deng Z, Wu D, Wang Q (2015) Preoperative
detection and intraoperative visualization of brain tumors for more precise surgery: a new dualmodality MRI and NIR nanoprobe. Small 11(35):4517–4525
77. Wu C, Zhang Y, Li Z, Li C, Wang Q (2016) A novel photoacoustic nanoprobe of ICG@PEGAg2S for atherosclerosis targeting and imaging in vivo. Nanoscale 8(25):12531–12539
78. Yang T, Tang Y, Liu L, Lv X, Wang Q, Ke H, Deng Y, Yang H, Yang X, Liu G et al (2017)
Size-dependent Ag2S nanodots for second near-infrared fluorescence/photoacoustics imaging
and simultaneous photothermal therapy. ACS Nano 11(2):1848–1857
79. Hu F, Li C, Zhang Y, Wang M, Wu D, Wang Q (2015) Real-time in vivo visualization of tumor
therapy by a near-infrared-II Ag2S quantum dot-based theranostic nanoplatform. Nano Res 8
(5):1637–1647
80. Tsukasaki Y, Morimatsu M, Nishimura G, Sakata T, Yasuda H, Komatsuzaki A, Watanabe TM,
Jin T (2014) Synthesis and optical properties of emission-tunable PbS/CdS core-shell quantum
dots for in vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window. RSC Adv 4
(77):41164–41171
81. Yi H, Ghosh D, Ham M-H, Qi J, Barone PW, Strano MS, Belcher AM (2012) M13 phagefunctionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes as nanoprobes for second near-infrared window
fluorescence imaging of targeted tumors. Nano Lett 12(3):1176–1183
82. Hong G, Diao S, Antaris AL, Dai H (2015) Carbon nanomaterials for biological imaging and
nanomedicinal therapy. Chem Rev 115(19):10816–10906
83. Iijima S (1991) Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 354:56
84. Guo T, Nikolaev P, Thess A, Colbert DT, Smalley RE (1995) Catalytic growth of single-walled
manotubes by laser vaporization. Chem Phys Lett 243(1):49–54
85. Nikolaev P, Bronikowski MJ, Bradley RK, Rohmund F, Colbert DT, Smith KA, Smalley RE
(1999) Gas-phase catalytic growth of single-walled carbon nanotubes from carbon monoxide.
Chem Phys Lett 313(1):91–97
122
S. He and Z. Cheng