Li et al. (2003b) reported efficient adsorption of Pb (II) and Cd (II) on flower like
mesoporous MgO (Table 13.3).
13.4 Applications of Nanoremediation
Nanoremediation has been most widely used for groundwater treatment and in
addition to this, this techniques extensively used in wastewater treatment.
Nanoremediation has also been tested for removal of heavy metals from soil and
sediment. . Even more preliminary research is exploring the use of nanoparticles to
remove toxic materials from gases.
13.4.1 Groundwater Remediation
Presently, groundwater remediation is the most common commercial application of
nanoremediation technologies. Using nanomaterials especially zerovalent metals
(ZVMs) for groundwater remediation is an emerging approach that is promising
due to the availability and effectiveness of many nanomaterials for degrading or
sequestering contaminants. Nanotechnology offers the potential to effectively treat
contaminants in situ, avoiding excavation or the need to pump contaminated water
out of the ground. The process begins with nanoparticles being injected into a
contaminated aquifer via an injection well. The nanoparticles are then transported
by groundwater flow to the source of contamination. Nanoparticles can absorb the
contaminants through adsorption processes and immobilizing the contaminants to
less toxic compound. Contaminant transformations are typically redox reactions.
When the nanoparticle is the oxidant or reductant, it is considered reactive.
13.4.2 Surface Water Treatment
The use of various nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes and TiO 2 , shows
efficient for treatment of surface water for purification, disinfection, desalination,
etc. Target contaminants in surface waters include heavy metals, organic
contaminants, and pathogens. Nanoparticles may be used as sorbents, as reactive
agents (photocatalysts or redox agents) or in membranes used for nanofiltration.
13.4.3 Soil Treatment
The removal of chromium and its relevant species, studies point out that the use of
nanoparticles is addressed to soil remediation. The removal of arsenic, either one or
both of its relevant species, i.e., As (V) and As (III).
290
P. Kumar et al.
mesoporous MgO (Table 13.3).
13.4 Applications of Nanoremediation
Nanoremediation has been most widely used for groundwater treatment and in
addition to this, this techniques extensively used in wastewater treatment.
Nanoremediation has also been tested for removal of heavy metals from soil and
sediment. . Even more preliminary research is exploring the use of nanoparticles to
remove toxic materials from gases.
13.4.1 Groundwater Remediation
Presently, groundwater remediation is the most common commercial application of
nanoremediation technologies. Using nanomaterials especially zerovalent metals
(ZVMs) for groundwater remediation is an emerging approach that is promising
due to the availability and effectiveness of many nanomaterials for degrading or
sequestering contaminants. Nanotechnology offers the potential to effectively treat
contaminants in situ, avoiding excavation or the need to pump contaminated water
out of the ground. The process begins with nanoparticles being injected into a
contaminated aquifer via an injection well. The nanoparticles are then transported
by groundwater flow to the source of contamination. Nanoparticles can absorb the
contaminants through adsorption processes and immobilizing the contaminants to
less toxic compound. Contaminant transformations are typically redox reactions.
When the nanoparticle is the oxidant or reductant, it is considered reactive.
13.4.2 Surface Water Treatment
The use of various nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes and TiO 2 , shows
efficient for treatment of surface water for purification, disinfection, desalination,
etc. Target contaminants in surface waters include heavy metals, organic
contaminants, and pathogens. Nanoparticles may be used as sorbents, as reactive
agents (photocatalysts or redox agents) or in membranes used for nanofiltration.
13.4.3 Soil Treatment
The removal of chromium and its relevant species, studies point out that the use of
nanoparticles is addressed to soil remediation. The removal of arsenic, either one or
both of its relevant species, i.e., As (V) and As (III).
290
P. Kumar et al.